Đề cương ôn thi học kì II môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Unit 8-12

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn thi học kì II môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Unit 8-12

1. GRADE 9 UNIT 8 –UNIT 12 UNIT 8. TOURISM - (DU LỊCH) GETTING STARTED speciality /ˌspeʃiˈỉləti/ (n) đặc sản package tour /ˈpỉkɪdʒ tʊə/ (n.phr) du lịch trọn gĩi seaside /ˈsiːsaɪd/ (n) bờ biển one's cup of tea /wʌnz kʌp əv tiː/ (n.phr) sở thích make up your mind /ˈmeɪk ˈʌp jə maɪnd/ (adj) quyết định reserve /ri'zə:v/ (v) đặt, dành trước A CLOSER LOOK 1 expedition /,ekspi'di∫n/ (n) chuyến thám hiểm reasonable /ˈriːznəbl/ (adj) hợp lý excursion /ɪkˈskɜːʃn/ (n) chuyến du ngoạn peak season /piːk ˈsiːzn̩ / (n) mùa cao điểm tour guide /tʊəɡaɪd/ (n) hướng dẫn viên du lịch stopover /ˈstɒpəʊvə(r)/ (n) điểm dừng chân pile-up /ˈpaɪlʌp/ (n) vụ đâm xe touchdown /ˈtʌtʃdaʊn/ (n) hạ cánh full board /ˈfʊl bɔːd/ (n.phr) ăn ngủ trọn gĩi mix-up /ˈmɪksʌp/ (n.phr) nhầm lẫn checkout /ˈtʃekaʊt/ (n.phr) thủ tục thanh tốn A CLOSER LOOK 2 semi-desert /ˈsemi ˈdezət/ (n) vùng nửa sa mạc plain /pleɪn/ (n) đồng bằng lush /lʌʃ/ (adj) tươi tốt, sum sê COMMUNICATION break the bank /ˈbreɪk ðə bỉŋk/ (v.phr) tiêu tốn nhiều tiền cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ (n) ẩm thực welcoming /ˈwelkəmɪŋ/ (adj) chào đĩn SKILLS 1 magnificence /mỉɡˈnɪfɪsns/ (n) điểm nổi bật erode away /ɪˈroʊd əˈweɪ/ (v.phr) xĩi mịn stalagmite /ˈstỉləɡmaɪt/ (n) măng đá access /ˈỉkses/ (v) cĩ liên kết, kết nối economic growth /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪk ɡroʊθ/ (n.phr) sự phát triển kinh tế widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/ (adj) rộng rãi prosperity /prɒˈsperəti/ (n) sự thịnh vượng promote /prəˈməʊt/ (v) thúc đẩy safari /səˈfɑːri/ (n) cuộc đi săn holidaymaker /ˈhɒlədeɪmeɪkə(r)/ (n) người đi nghỉ dưỡng return ticket /rɪˈtɜːnˈtɪkɪt/ (n) vé khứ hồi A return ticket to London, please. round-trip /ˌraʊnd ˈtrɪp/ (n) chuyến đi khứ hồi laze round /leɪz ˈraʊnd/ (v.phr) đi loanh quanh PROJECT striking headline /ˈstraɪkɪŋ ˈhedlaɪn/ (n) tiêu đề hấp dẫn I. Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part. 1. A. magnificent B. delay C. bank D. travel 2. A. checkout B. erode C. exotic D. decision 3. A. reasonable B. resort C. season D. excursion P 1
2. 4. A. safari B. stalagmite C. lag D. package 5. A. explore B. environment C. resort D. expedition II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. safari B. breathtaking C. traveller D. sightseeing 2. A. vacation B. delicious C. excursion D. holiday 3. A. original B. stimulating C. imperial D. geography 4. A. magnificence B. destination C. affordable D. accessible 5. A. habitat B. addition C. fantastic D. discover III. Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part. 1. A. host B. honor C. hockey D. horror 2. A. badminton B. swallow C. challenge D. ballet 3. A. teammate B. reading C. creating D. seaside 4. A. athlete B. author C. length D. southern 5. A. touch B. foul C. account D. mount 6. A. lose B. vote C. control D. social 7. A. rear B. bear C. gear D. year 8. A. please B. peace C. seat D. spread 9. A. deny B. emotion C. respect D. better 10. A. overlooks B. beliefs C. towards D. rights 1. INDEFINITE ARTICLES: A/ AN - An đứng trước 1 danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu bằng 1 nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i). - A đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu bằng 1 phụ âm. 1. A/ An ĐƯỢC DÙNG TRƯỚC: 2. Danh từ đếm được, số ít. *An: đứng trước nguyên âm hoặc “h” câm. Ex: a doctor, a bag, an animal, an hour Ex: an animal, an hour - Trong các cấu trúc: so + adj + a/an + noun such + a/an + noun as + adj + a/an + noun + as How + adj + a/an + noun + verb! - Chỉ một người được đề cập qua tên. Ex: A Mrs. Blue sent you this letter. - Trước các danh từ trong ngữ đồng vị. Ex: Nguyen Du, a great poet, wrote that novel. - Trong các cụm từ chỉ số lượng. Ex: a pair, a couple, a lot of, a little, a few, a large/great number of 1. A/ An KHƠNG ĐƯỢC DÙNG: ONE được sử dụng thay A/An để nhấn mạnh. Ex: There is a book on the table, but one is not enought Trước danh từ khơng đếm được. Ex: Coffee is also a kind of drink Trước các danh từ đếm được số nhiều: Ex: Dogs are faithful animals. II. DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE 1. THE khơng dùng được - Trước các danh từ số nhiều nĩi chung Ex: They build houses near the hall. - Danh từ trừu tượng, khơng đếm được Ex: Independence is a happy thing. - Các danh từ chỉ màu sắc Ex: Red and white make pink. - Các mơn học Ex: Math is her worst subject. - Các vật liệu, kim loại Ex: Steel is made from iron. P 2
3. - Các tên nước, châu lục, thành phố Ex: Ha Noi is the capital of VietNam. - Các chức danh, tên người Ex: President Bill Clinton, Ba, Nga - Các bữa ăn, mĩn ăn, thức ăn Ex: We have rice and fish for dinner. - Các trị chơi, thể thao Ex: Football is a popular sport in VN. - Các loại bệnh tật Ex: Cold is a common disease. - Ngơn ngữ, tiếng nĩi Ex: English is being used everywhere. - Các kỳ nghi, lễ hội Ex: Tet, Christmas, Valentine - Các mũi đất (nhơ ra biển, hồ, núi) Ex: Cape Horn, Lake Than Tho, Mount Cam, Mount Rushmore *But: the Cape of Good Hope, the Great Lake, the Mount of Olive IV. Choose the correct answers A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. What do you think of public transport in Ha Noi? A. Ø – Ø B. a – a C. a – Ø D. the – Ø 2. Parking is very difficult in city centre, so my father always goes there by bus. A. the – Ø B. the – the C. a – a D. a – Ø 3. Secondary schools offer a wide of subjects. A. field B. scope C. list D. range 4. If you don't know the language, you may have to use language. A. hand B. gesture C. head D. signal 5. The government has recently the buildings in the old section of the city. A. reformed B. adjusted C. restored D. modified 6. When she came , she found herself in hospital. A. round B. off C. over D. out P 3
4. 7. You'll have to go for an interview tomorrow, but don‟t worry. It‟s just a . A. form B format C. formation D. formality 8. Since the of the motor car, road accidents have increased dramatically. A. approach B. inauguration C. initiation D. advert 9. I must have browsed through hundreds of , but I have no idea where to go for this year holiday. A. booklets B. yellow pages C. brochures D. propaganda 10. It‟s possible to supplement one‟s by taking a part-time job. A. income B. earning C. gaining D. attainment 11. I was in the book I was reading and didn‟t hear the phone. A. engrossed B. submerged C. gripped D. distracted 12. He couldn‟t his father that he was telling the truth. A. admit B. confide C. trust D. convince 13. It was difficult to guess what her to the news would be. A. feelings B. reaction C. capital D. opinion 14. Eight o‟clock is good time to phone Nick: he‟s always at home in evening. B. Ø – the B. a – the C. a - Ø D. a – an 15. Does it take long time to get to city centre? C. Ø – the B. a – a C. a – the D. the – the V. Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting UNIT 9: ENGLISH IN THE WORLD approximately /əˈprɒksɪmətli/ (adv) xấp xỉ P 4
5. accent /ˈỉksent/ (n) chất giọng simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsəti/ (n) sự đơn giản operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ (v) đĩng vai trị dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/ (n) tiếng địa phương vowel /ˈvaʊəl/ (n) nguyên âm technical term /ˈteknɪkəl tɜːm/ (n.phr) thuật ngữ chuyên mơn spot on /spɒt ɒn/ (v.phr) chinh xác Yes, spot on!(Chính xác.) estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ (v) ước lượng, ước tính A CLOSER LOOK 1 bilingual /ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/ (adj) song ngữ pick up a language /ˈpɪk ˈʌp ə ˈlỉŋɡwɪdʒ/ (v.phr) chọn học 1 ngơn ngữ, học lởm rusty /ˈrʌsti/ (adj) giảm đi do lâu khơng thực hành get by /ˈget baɪ/ (phr.v) cĩ thể nhận diện bằng ngơn ngữ imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ (v) bắt chước guarantee /ˌɡỉrənˈtiː/ (n) bảo hành look up /ˈlʊk ʌp/ (phr.v) tra cứu, tìm kiếm A CLOSER LOOK 2 release /rɪˈliːs/ (v) phát hành COMMUNICATION SKILLS 1 settlement /ˈsetlmənt/ (n) định cư immersion /ɪˈmɜːʃn/ (n) phương pháp dạy ngơn ngữ với những tình huống thiết thực derivative /dɪˈrɪvətɪv/ (n) ngơn ngữ vay mượn dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ (adj) thống trị, vượt trội massive immigration /ˈmỉsɪv ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃən / (n.phr) sự nhập cư ồ ạt continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ (n) lục địa admission /ədˈmɪʃn/(n) (n) sự thu nhận, sự kết nạp SKILLS 2 multinational /ˌmʌltiˈnỉʃnəl/ (adj) đa quốc gia swap /swɒp/ (v) đổi LOOKING BACK speak a word /spiːk ə ˈwɜːd/ (v.phr) nĩi một lời (từ) PROJECT diaper /ˈdaɪpə(r)/ (n) tã lĩt CONDITIONAL TYPE 2 (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2) 1. Cấu trúc: If + S + V-ed/V2, S + would/could + V(nguyên thể) Trong câu điều kiện loại II, mệnh đề “If” chia thì quá khứ đơn (hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn) và mệnh đề chính sử dụng cấu trúc “would/ could + động từ nguyên thể”. 2. Cách sử dụng: Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để giả định về một sự việc khơng thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Ví dụ: If they had a lot of money now, they would travel around the world. (Nếu bây giờ họ cĩ nhiều tiền, họ sẽ đi du lịch vịng quanh thế giới.) Ta thấy cĩ trạng từ thời gian “now” (bây giờ) và hiểu rằng “bây giờ họ khơng cĩ nhiều tiền” nên mới đưa ra câu giả định như vậy. Vì thế ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại II để diễn đạt một giả định về một sự việc khơng cĩ thật ở hiện tại. 3. Chú ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại II, nếu mệnh đề “if” sử dụng động từ “be” ở thì quá khứ đơn thì ta chỉ sử dụng “were” với tất cả các ngơi. Ví dụ: If I were you, I wouldn’t stay at home now. (Nếu tơi là bạn, bây giờ tơi sẽ khơng ở nhà.) Ta thấy chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề “If” là “I” nhưng ta vẫn sử dụng động từ là “were” I. RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỂ QUAN HỆ) P 5
6. A. BẢNG TĨM TẮT A. RELATIVE PRONOUNS (ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ) 1. Who: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ Ex: The man is Mr. Pike. He is standing over there. => The man who is standing over there is Mr. Pike. 2. Whom: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ Ex: That is the girl I told you about her. => That is the girl whom I told you about. Note: Whom làm tân ngữ cĩ thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định. 1. Which: which dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Ex: The dress is very beautiful. I bought it yesterday.=> The dress which I bought yesterday is very beautiful. - Note: Which làm tân ngữ cĩ thể được bỏ đi trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định. 2. That: là đại từ chỉ cả người và vật, đứng sau danh từ để làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Ex: This is the book. I like it best.=> This is the book that I like best. - Note: + Sau dấu phẩy khơng bao giờ dùng That + That luơn được dùng sau các danh từ hỗn hợp (gồm cả người lẫn vật) everything, something, anything, all little, much, none và sau dạng so sánh nhát 3. Whose: là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu. Whose đứng trước danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật và thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu hoặc sở hữu cách trước danh tù. Sau whose là danh từ. Ex: John found a cat. Its leg was broken.=> John found a cat whose leg was broken. B. RELATIVE ADVERBS (TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ) 1. When: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ thời gian, When được thay cho at/on/ in + danh từ thời gian hoặc then. Ex: May Day is a day. People hold a meeting on that day. 2. Where: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn, Where được thay cho at/on/ in + danh từ nơi chốn hoặc there. Ex: Do you know the country? I was born.=> Do you know the country where I was born? 3. Why: dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ lí do. Why thay cho for which. Ex: I don’t know the reason. She left him alone.=> I don’t know the reason why she left him alone 1. Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part. P 6
7. 1. A. campus B. practice C. language D. favorite 2. A. qualify B. scenery C. grocery D. academy 3. A. speak B. need C. heart D. read 4. A. practiced B. learned C. asked D. watched 5. A. school B. scholarship C. chemistry D. children 2. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. office B. fluency C. accent D. official 2. A. language B. translate C. speaker D. imitate 3. A. variety B. derivative C. establish D. dialect 4. A. provide B. bilingual C. immersion D. rusty 5. A. simplicity B. American C. obedient D. flexible 3. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. foreign B. practice C. examine D. language 2. A. dormitory B. university C. institute D. college 3. A. academic B. reputation C. experience D. intermediate 4. A. advertise B. express C. remember D. improve 5. A. scenery B. scholarship C. dictionary D. advertisement A. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. If he (clean) his windscreen he‟d be able to see where he was going. 2. If you drove your car into the river, you (be able) to get out? 3. If you (not belong) to a union, you couldn‟t get a job. 4. If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I‟d give up my job. 5. What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house? 6. I could tell you what this means if I (know) Greek. 7. If everybody (give) I pound we would have enough. 8. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking. 9. If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come) . 10. If you (see) someone drowning, what would you do? II. Use the correct form of the word given to complete each sentence 1. English speaking presents special for foreign learners. (difficult) 2. The school is performing well, but we recognize the need for further . (improve) 3. Let me introduce you a university. I think it‟s really reliable. (repute) 4. We placed in a number of national newspapers. (advertise) 5. If you want to attend the course, you must pass the examination. (write) 6. The teaching staff are all well . (qualify) 7. We gather our things and run to the bus stop. (hurry) 8. I go hill-walking for . (relax) 9. Students will take an at the end of the year. (examine) 10. The university has an international as a center of excellent. (repute) III. Rewrite the sentences using the conditional type 2. 1. Keep silent or you‟ll wake the baby up. → 2. Stop talking or you won‟t understand the lesson. → 3. I don‟t know her number, so I don‟t ring her up. P 7
8. → 4. I don‟t know the answer, so I can‟t tell you. → 5. We will get lost because we don‟t have a map. → IV.Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. They could understand our conversation if they some English. A. will know B. know C. knew D. would know 2. It‟s an important part of your cultural identity to keep your in speaking English. A. accent B. skill C. vocabulary D. language 3. Trying to use a dictionary less and switching to a monolingual one can help you to stop translating in your head when you are speaking or listening. A. bi-monthly B. bilingual C. biannual D. bicentenary 4. If I had more time I a Business English course. A. take B. took C. will take D. would take 5. Much comes through body language and gesture. A. speech B. communication C. talk D. exchange 6. Are you someone who can read and write well in English but cannot speak ? A. fluency B. a fluency C. fluent D. fluently 7. In a class, this is a great opportunity to learn about different customs and traditions around the world. A. multi-dimensional B. multinational C. multilingual D. multi-disciplinary 8. The children attend that English school receive good education. A. Which B. whose C. who D. whom 9. Try to the meaning of words rather than going straight for your dictionary. A. Decide B. except C. judge D. guess 10. If you get when speaking, take two deep breaths before you say something. A. pleased B. unwilling C. annoyed D. nervous 11. Mike comes from a city is located in the southern part of England. A. when B. that C. where D. who 12. Reading is the best way to your vocabulary in any language. A. raise B. put up C. improve D. increase 13. No one ever improves pronunciation and by watching someone else‟s shape of the mouth! You improve English speaking by speaking, not watching. A. accent B. sounds C. rhythm D. tone 14. The picture reminds him of the time he studied in New York. A. where B. why C. which D. when 15. He is not exactly rich but he certainly earns enough to . A. get on B. get up C. get down D. get by 16. The language that you learn to speak from birth is language A. second B. foreign C. official D. first 17. If I taller, I better at basketball. A. be – would be B. were – might be C. am – will be D. were – would have been 18. Reading helps you learn vocabulary easily as you will new words without even realizing it when you read. A. face up B. look up C. pick up D. give up 19. If you in my position, what would you do? A. were B. would be C. are D. will be 20. If you want to improve your speaking skill, you should attend the courses that are taught in a way. A. lexical B. communicative C. traditional D. domestic P 8
9. 21. There was a storm had never experienced before. A. which B. for which C. such as D. as which 22. It is not easy to foreign language without communicating with the native speakers regularly. A. master B. challenge C. translate D. simplify 23. Children always want to know the reason things are as they are. A. which B. who C. why D. whom 24. Is the first of March the day the astronaut will come and give a speech at our school? A. which B. when C. that D. what 25. There are many of English all over the world such as British English, American English and Indian English. 26. dialogues B. varieties C. speakers D. terms V. Give the correct form of the verbs. 1. The whole machine would fall to pieces if you (remove) that screw. 2. I (keep) a horse if I could afford it. 3. I‟d go and see him more often if he (live) ___ on a bus route. 4. If they (ban) the sale of alcohol at football matches, there might be less violence. 5. I (offer) to help if I thought I‟d be any use. 6. What would you do if the lift (get) stuck between two floors? 7. If you (paint) the walls white, the room would be much brighter. 8. If you (change) your job, would it affect your pension? 9. If you knew you had only six weeks to live, how you (spend) those six weeks? 10. I‟d climb over the wall if there (not be) so much broken glass on top of it. VI. Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, c or D) that needs correcting. Nội dung nghe unit 7: P 9
10. Nicolas: I don't have a proper breakfast. I never have time because I always get up late. Normally, my mum buys a packet of biscuits and I have some on the school bus. At lunchtime, I'm always hungry, so I have a hamburger, a packet of crisps, and a cola. I can easily get them at the school canteen. For dinner, I like fried beef, noodles, and eggs, I don't really eat vegetables because they aren't tasty. My mum says my eating habits are unhealthy. I'm thinking about changing them. If I continue eating like this, I may become overweight. Maya: My brother doesn't have healthy eating habits, but I do. For breakfast, I usually have a bowl of cereal, a glass of milk, and a banana. It's important to start a new day with a good breakfast, so I tend to have nutritious things. I don't buy lunch at school; instead, I prepare my lunch box with two slices of bread, a boiled egg, and salad. Sometimes, my mum makes sushi for my lunch. In the evening, my mum and I cook dinner. My favourite is steamed fish. Lean grilled chicken is also a dish I like for dinner. Unit 8: Thanks to the widespread use of modern means of transport, people have more choice of holiday restination and can now visit even the remotest parts of the world. Tourism has certainly become an important factor in the development of many countries. An obvious benefit of tourism is that it plays a key role in economic growth. It contributes greatly to income of a region or country. It also brings job opportunities to all kinds of people, and therefore helps promote prosperity in diverse fields. Another positive aspect of tourism is that it helps promote international understanding and cooperation among nations. In addition, tourism can improve the standard of living of local or rural communities, so young people are encouraged to stay in their hometown to build a good life rather than move to big cities. Finally, tourism brings cultural benefits, learn about the history and culture of a place, and spread them around the world. In the other hand, the drawbacks of tourism can't be denied Unit 9: Speaker 1 (male): My first language is French, but I live near the border, so I'm reasonably good at German. I can also get by in Italian. We went to Rome last summer and I picked up the basics. Speaker 2 (female): My mother is Spanish and my father is French so I'm bilingual. I'm also fluent in English which I need for my job. I can have a conversation in Italian, but it's a bit rusty. Speaker 3 (male): I used to be quite bad at English. I knew a few words of everyday English that I learned at school, but I couldn't speak a word of anything else. Last summer, I went to England on holiday. While I was traveling around the country, I picked up enough words and phrases to get by. I was told that my pronunciation was quite good, so when I got home I decided to learn English properly. Speaker 4 (female): Last year, I got a job in a multinational company, so I had to learn English. A friend recommended an English center and I have been going there for six months. I always enjoy the lessons and the language is taught in a communicative way. I think that I've learned a lot since I started. It's not all fun, though - at the moment I'm studying for my first exam! Review 3 My tips to learn English well are not complicated. Firstly, I usually read stories and books in English. Reading them helps me widen my vocabulary and understand the context where words are used. This way I can remember vocabulary longer and know how to use the words correctly. Secondly, to practise English grammar, I do lots of exercises from different grammar books. I find Grammar in Use and Active Grammar useful because they explain grammar thoroughly, and provide learners with various types of exercise. Thirdly, I take every opportunity to speak and write English because these are my weak points, I've joined an international project which connects students from all over the world. I've made friends with four students from the USA, Australia, France, and Egypt. We write each other emails and chat on Skype. That way I can not only improve my English skills but also enrich my knowledge of different cultures. My last tip is to be self-confident. Don't be afraid of making mistakes in the process of learning. In class, you P 10
11. should take part in the activities actively. If there are any things you don't understand, ask your teacher and classmates for help. These tips have helped me to become a successful English learner UNIT 10: SPACE TRAVEL mission /ˈmɪʃn/ (n) chuyến đi, nhiệm vụ astronaut /ˈỉstrənɔːt/ (n) phi hành gia spacewalk /ˈspeɪswɔːk/ (n) chuyến đi bộ trong khơng gian meteorite /ˈmiːtiəraɪt/ (n) thiên thạch roller-coaster /ˈrəʊlə kəʊstə(r)/ (n) tàu lượn siêu tốc telescope /ˈtelɪskəʊp/ (n) kính thiên văn spacecraft /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/ (n) tàu vũ trụ habitable /ˈhỉbɪtəbl/ (adj) [cĩ thể] ở được scuba diving /'sku:bə/ /'daiviɳ/ (n.phr) lặn biển bằng bình dưỡng khí microgravity /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈɡrỉvɪti/ (n) khơng trọng lực parabolic /ˌpỉrəˈbɒlɪk/ (adj) như hình parabon shuttle /ˈʃʌtl/ (n) con thoi altitude /ˈỉltɪtjuːd/ (n) độ cao (so với mặt biển) orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/ (v/n) xoay quanh, đi theo quỹ đạo land /lỉnd/ (v) hạ cánh train /treɪn/ (v) đào tạo launch /lɔːntʃ/ (v) phĩng atmospheric /ˌỉtməsˈferɪk/ (v) khơng khí, [thuộc] khí quyển A CLOSER LOOK 2 fruit fly /'fru:tflai/ (n) ruồi quả groundbreaking /ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/ (adj) đột phá COMMUNICATION conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ (v) chỉ đạo, điều khiển, hướng dẫn pastime /ˈpɑːstaɪm/ (n) thời gian tiêu khiển SKILLS 1 float around fləʊt əˈraʊnd (v) trơi nổi harmoniously /hɑːˈməʊniəsli/ (adv) một cách hịa đồng SKILLS 2 client /ˈklaɪənt/ (n) khách hàng unsustainable /ˌʌnsəˈsteɪnəbl/ (adj) khơng bền vững LOOKING BACK telecommunication /,telikə,mju:ni'kei∫nz/ (n) viễn thơng unmanned /ˌʌnˈmỉnd/ (adj) khơng người lái PROJECT highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ (n) Điều (nơi) thú vị, đặc sắc THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN (SIMPLE PAST TENSE) : Cơng thức : Câu khẳng định : S + V2 / V-ed Câu phủ định : S + didn’t + V-inf Câu nghi vấn : Did + S + V-inf ? Cách thêm -ed : Các động từ một âm tiết mà tận cùng bằng một nguyên âm + một phụ âm (trừ h, w, x, y), chúng ta phải gấp đơi phụ âm trước khi thêm –ed: Ex: fit –> fitted Các động từ cĩ 2 ấm tiết cĩ dấu nhấn rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 và tận cùng bằng một nguyên âm + một phụ âm(trừ h, w, x, y) , chúng ta cũng phải gấp đơi phụ âm trước khi thêm –ed: Ex: per’mit –> permitted P 11
12. Các động từ tận cùng bằng một phụ âm + y, đổi “y” thành “i” rồi thêm -ed Ex: Study –> Studied Cách ghi nhớ nhanh đối với cách phát âm ed Phát âm là “t” : K , SS , X, CH , F , CE , P, GH , SH Phát âm là id”: T,D Phát âm là “d” : là những âm cịn lại Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt tại một thời điểm hoặc một khoảng thời gian xác định trong quá khứ: Ex: I bought a bunch of flowers yesterday. ( Tơi đã mua một bĩ bơng ngày hơm qua) Dấu hiệu nhận biết : Yesterday: Hơm qua; Last night: Tối qua; Last week: Tuần trước; Last month: Tháng trước; Last year: Năm ngối. In the past, the day before, với những khoảng thời gian đã qua trong ngày (today, this morning, this afternoon). Ago: cách đây. (two hours ago: cách đây 2 giờ, two weeks ago: cách đây 2 tuần ) at, on, in (at 6 o’clock, on Monday, in June, ) When + mệnh đề chia thì Quá khứ đơn: khi (when I was a kid, ) Đa số xuất hiện sau as if, as though (như thể là), it’s time (đã đến lúc), if only, wish (ước gì), would sooner/ rather (thích hơn), ( trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HỒN THÀNH (PAST PERFECT TENSE) : Cơng thức : Câu khẳng định : S + had + V3 / V-ed Câu phủ định : S + had + not + V3 / V-ed Câu nghi vấn: Had + S + V3 / V-ed . ? Cách dùng : Để nĩi về một hành động diễn ra trước hành động khác trong quá khứ : Before/ By the time my mother came back, I had cleaned up the broken vase. (Trước khi mẹ quay lại, tơi đã dọn sạch bình hoa bị bể rồi) o Dấu hiệu nhận biết : Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by, Before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past TLĐ/ TLHT/ HTĐ + WHEN + HTĐ QK + WHEN + QKĐ QKĐ/ QKTD + WHEN + QKTD TLĐ/ TLHT/ TLHTTD + BEFORE + HTĐ QKHT + BEFORE + QKĐ HTHT + BEFORE QKĐ + AFTER + QKHT I. DEFINING/ NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và khơng xác định) 1. Defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) - Đây là mệnh đề cần thiết vì danh từ mà nĩ bổ nghĩa là khơng xác định. - Mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ trước nĩ, làm cho người đọc và người nghe được danh từ được đề cập là ai, là cái gì. - Khơng cĩ nĩ câu sẽ khơng đủ nghĩa. - Khơng sử dụng dấu phẩy. Ex: - The man who lives next door to me is very friendly. P 12
13. - The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. 2. Non-defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định) - Đây là mệnh đề khơng cần thiết vì danh từ mà nĩ bổ nghĩa đã được xác định cụ thể. - Khơng cĩ nĩ câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. - Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy. - Trước danh từ thường cĩ: this, that, these, those, my, his, her và danh từ riêng. Ex: - Mr. Thanh, who is from Ha Tinh province, is a friendly English teacher. Ha Noi, which is the capital of Vietnam, is in the north of Vietnam. I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. commercial B. surface C. approach D. impressive 2. A. descend B. explore C. profession D. altitude 3. A. astronomical B. emergency C. experiment D. collaborate 4. A. simulated B. trainee C. missionary D. spacewalk 5. A. observatory B. historical C. activity D. parabolic II. Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part. 1. A. astronomy B. astronomer C. astrology D. astronaut 2. A. telescope B. microgravity C. cooperate D. rocket 3. A. mission B. universe C. sense D. space 4. A. meteorite B. satellite C. microgravity D. orbit 5. A. museum B. miss C. hopeless D. guess III. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. commercial B. galaxy C. spacecraft D. telescope 2. A. astronomy B. immune C. astronomer D. parabolic 3. A. object B. experiment C. private D. habitable 4. A. maintenance B. satellite C. meteorite D. adventure 5. A. universe B. satellite C. experience D. meteorite Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. 1. In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus (publish) “On the Revolutions of the Heaven Spheres” claiming that the Earth and the planets (orbit) the Su. 2. Galileo (use) the telescope to view the stars and planets before Isaac Newton (invent) the first reflecting telescope. 3. In 1686, Isaac Newton (publish) the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy where he (lay) the foundations for universal gravitation and (describe) the motion of the Sun and the planets. 4. After Robert Goddard (work) on the rocket technology, he (invent) and (launch) the first liquid-fueled rocket in 1926. 5. On November 3, 1957, the Russian dog Laika (become) the first animal in orbit after fruit flies (be sent) to outer space by the United States. 6. In 1983, Sally Ride (become)___ the first American woman in space after Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova (be sent) ___ in space twenty years earlier. 7. France (launch) its first satellite before Japan (put) its test satellite into orbit. 8. In 1971, the United Kingdom successfully (launch) its satellite into orbit after China (do) ___ that one year earlier. Fill in future continuous or future perfect to complete the sentences below. 1. This time tomorrow morning Captain Neil Armstrong and his crew (leave) earth and (head) for the planet Mars. 2. On the first day of their voyage, they (orbit) the earth every 20 seconds. 3. Crew members Yuri Gagarin and Sally Ride (check) all the instrument all day P 13
14. long to make sure they are working properly. They (not/take) it easy. 4. By the end of the year 2044 they (arrive) on the planet Mars. They (go) 100 million light years and yet they ___ (not/age) even one year. Miraculous. 5. What (do/they) about as they zip through space? Will they be frightened? I doubt it. They will be too busy. 6. The captain says that by the end of the first week, they (discover) many interesting things about space and alien beings. 7. By the end of the first month aboard the spaceship, the Martian Explorer, the crew (get used to) living without gravity and to eating their food out of tubes. On a normal day they (float) around the cabin. 8. Scientists claim that within the next 50 years, they (find out) whether life on Mars exists or not and they (meet) those little green men, Martians. 9. In the meantime, let us wish good luck to Captain Armstrong and his crew. They (explore) the outer reaches of the universe. 10. By 2044 ___ (they/expand) our knowledge of new frontiers and deep space. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence. 1. Experiencing microgravity on a flight is a part of astronaut training programmes. A. orbit B. ship C. mission D. parabolic 2. As soon as the spacecraft into space, the crew started to observe the sun. A. has travelled B. had travelled C. travelled D. was travelling 3. Europe‟s biggest ISS project is the Columbus science laboratory astronauts can carry out scientific experiments in weightless conditions. A. there B. which C. where D. when 4. A is an enormous system of stars in outer space. A. comet B. galaxy C. universe D. solar system 5. In July of 1975, the first US-Soviet joint occurred with the Apollo-Soyuz project. A. company B. relation C. mission D. performance 6. The Astronauts Memorial Foundation honours all American astronauts have lost their lives on missions or in training. A. whom B. X C. which D. who 7. He‟s so brilliant and he can do anything - . A. out of this world B. the sky‟s the limit C. it‟s over the moon D. once in a blue 8. I down to earth on my first Monday back to school after my holiday in Nha Trang. A. come over B. come back C. come in D. come on 9. Yuri Gagarin made the first space flight success attracted worldwide attention. A. which B. when C. whose D. where 10. Aircraft flying in arcs create microgravity for tests and simulations that last 20-25 seconds. A. straight B. oval C. circular D. parabolic 11. The launch of the Space Shuttle Endeavour broadcast live this morning. A. hats been B. was being C. was D. had been 12. Dan: Do you like to drink tea? Ben: I love coffee, but I only drink tea in a blue moon. A. one B. once C. first D. only 13. To walk on the moon, the astronauts had to carry a suitcase contained oxygen. A. which B. it C. having D. where 14. Yuri Gagarin became the first person to eat and drink in . A. weightless B. gravity C. specific gravity D. microgravity 15. I passed all my exam – I'm ! A. out of this world B. the sky‟s the limit P 14
15. C. over the moon D. once in a blue moon 16. The mission they are talking about plans to send humans to Mars by2030. A. where B. X C. who D. when 17. “That‟s the coolest thing I‟ve ever seen. It‟s really this world.” A. into B. out of C. over D. on 18. In 2010, Naoko Yamazaki, the second female Japanese astronaut, on Discovery space shuttle to the ISS alter she her training at the Johnson Space Center. A. had flown – completed B. flew – had completed C. flew – was completing D. was flying – was completing 19. Do you want to meet my colleague son is training to be an astronaut? A. that B. whom C. whose D. X 20. For people work hard at this company, the sky‟s the limit. A. which B. who C. whom D. X 21. Vinasat-1 is Viet Nam‟s first telecommunication , which was launched in 2008. A. spacesuit B. astronomy C. microgravity D. satellite 22. The first was done by Alexei Leonov, a Russia cosmonaut on March 18th, 1965. It was 10 minutes long. A. spaceward B. spacesuit C. spacewalk D. spaceship 23. Pham Tuan said everything quite strange although he when he was on the ground. A. was – had prepared B. had been – prepared C. was – prepared D. was – has prepared 24. At night the ISS can easily be seen from the Earth, as it flies at the of 320 kilometres above us. A. attitude B. height C. level D. altitude 25. She‟s very intelligent and knowledgeable. She can everything under the sun. A. talk to B. talk about C. talk with D. talk of 26. The Milky Way is just a in the universe and it contains our Solar System. A. galaxy B. planet C. comet D. meteorite 27. Virgin Galactic is the world‟s first commercial . A. spaceship B. exploration C. space D. spaceline 28. If you the stars, all of your dreams will come true! A. reach at B. reach for C. reach in D. reach for 29. Christer Fuglesang said he enjoyed floating around in the environment. A. weightless B. quiet C. homesick D. heavy 30. Mukai Chiaki, the first female Japanese astronaut, 15 days aboard the space shuttle Columbia in space before it to the Earth on July 23, 1994. A. was spending – was returning B. spent – was returning C. spent – had returned D. had spent – returned Audio Script: Dreaming of a holiday sunbathing on Mars, or playing some sports at a lunar resort and spa? While it may take decades for these ideas to come true, space tourism, which is space travel for recreational, leisure, or business purposes is becoming, more realistic. Since 2001, the American company Space Adventures has flown tourists to the International Space Station to live and work alongside professional astronauts for up to 10 days. The company now offers a service called "Spacewalk" where clients can leave the ISS and float above the Earth. It also plans to launch by 2018 its "Circumlunar Mission", which takes clients to within 100 kilometers of the moon's surface. Virgin Galactic, the world's first manned spaceflight. By 2015, almost 700 people from more than 50 different countries have paid deposits at the price of $250,000 per ticket. The possibility of traveling into space sounds wonderful, but it has been criticized as well. People say P 15
16. it's costly, dangerous, and unsustainable since its growth could cause environmental problems including speeding up global warming. UNIT 11: CHANGING ROLES IN SOCIETY forum /ˈfɔːrəm/ (n) diễn đàn real-life knowledge /rɪəl/-/laɪf/ /ˈnɒlɪʤ/ (n.phr) kiến thức đời thường facilitator /fəˈsɪlɪteɪtə(r)/ (n) người hỗ trợ a close relationship with /ə/ /kləʊs/ /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp wɪð/ (n.phr) một mối quan hệ gần gũi với provider /prəˈvaɪdə(r)/ (n) người cung cấp drastically /ˈdrỉstɪkli/ (adv) [một cách] mạnh mẽ, [một cách] quyết liệt barren /ˈbỉrən/ (adj) cằn cỗi A CLOSER LOOK 1 attend /əˈtend/ (v) tham gia evaluation /ɪˌvỉljuˈeɪʃn/ (n) sự đánh giá remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbl/ (adj) đáng chú ý; đặc biệt male-dominated /meɪl/-/ˈdɒmɪneɪtɪd/ (adj) đàn ơng đĩng vai trị chủ đạo involvement /ɪnˈvɒlvmənt/ (n) sự tham gia A CLOSER LOOK 2 tailor /ˈteɪlə(r)/ (v) điều chỉnh cho thích hợp stand for /stỉnd/ /fɔː/ (v.phr) viết tắt của slippery /ˈslɪpəri/ (adj) trơn demolish /dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/(v) (v) phá hủy, đánh đổ hands-on /ˌhỉndz ˈɒn/ (adj) thiết thực individually-oriented /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdjʊəli/-/ˈɔːriəntɪd/ (adj) tự giác responsive /rɪˈspɒnsɪv/ (adj) ứng đáp check-up /ˈtʃek ʌp/ (n) điểm danh SKILLS 1 witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ (v) chứng kiến socio-economic picture /ˈsosioʊ ˌekəˈnɑːmɪk/ /ˈpɪktʃər / (n.phr) bức tranh kinh tế xã hội burden /ˈbɜːdn/ (n) gánh nặng consequently /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/ (adv) do đĩ, vì vậy sole /səʊl/ (adj) đơn độc content with /ˈkɑːntent wɪθ/ (adj.phr) hài lịng với SKILLS 2 equator /ɪˈkweɪtə(r)/ (n) xích đạo LOOKING BACK boyscout /ˌbɔɪ ˈskaʊt/ (n) hướng đạo sinh coming /ˈkʌmɪŋ/ (adj) đến, sắp tới supersonic /ˌsuːpəˈsɒnɪk/ (adj) siêu thanh CHUYỂN SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (PASSIVE VOICE) TRONG CÁC THÌ HIỆN TẠI Thì (Tense) Chủ động (Active) Bị động (Passive voice) Hiện tại đơn S + V + O → S + be + V3/ed (+ by Sb/O) My brother often collects stamps. Stamps are often collected by my brother. (Anh tơi thường sưu tầm những (Các con tem thường được sưu tầm bởi anh con tem) tơi) Hiện tại tiếp S + am/ is/are + V_ing + O → S + am/ is/are + being + V3/ed (+ by diễn She is drawing a picture. Sb/O) (Cơ ấy đang vẽ một bức tranh.) A picture is being drawn by her. (Một bức tranh đang được vẽ bởi cơ ấy.) P 16
17. Hiện tại S + have/has + V3/ed + O → S + have/has + been + V3/ed (+ by hồn thành They have built this house for 3 Sb/ O) years. This house has been built for 3 years by (Họ đã xây dựng ngơi nhà này them. được 3 năm.) (Ngơi nhà này đã được xây dựng được 3 năm bởi họ.) 2. Chuyển sang câu bị động (Passive Voice) trong các thì quá khứ Thì (Tense) Chủ động (Active) Bị động (Passive voice) Quá khứ S + V_ed + O → S + was/ were + V3/ed (+ by Sb/O) đơn She cooked this dish yesterday. This dish was cooked yesterday by her. (Hơm qua cơ ấy đã nấu mĩn ăn (Mĩn ăn này đã được nấu hơm qua bởi cơ này.) ấy.) Quá khứ S + was/ were + Ving + O → S + was/ were + being + V3/ed (+ tiếp diễn Yesterday morning she was by Sb/O) cutting the grass. The grass was being cut by her yesterday (Sáng hơm qua cơ ấy cắt cỏ) morning. (Sáng hơm qua cỏ được cắt bởi cơ ấy) Quá khứ S + had + V3/ed + O → S + had + been + V3/ed (+ by Sb/O) hồn thành I had done all of my homework by All of my homework had been done by 8PM yesterday. me by 8PM yesterday. (Tơi đã hồn thành tất cả các bài (Tất cả bài tập về nhà của tơi đã được tập về nhà của mình trước 8h tối hồn thành trước 8h tối hơm qua.) hơm qua.) 3. Chuyển sang câu bị động (Passive Voice) trong các thì tương lai Thì Chủ động (Active) Bị động (Passive voice) (Tense) Tương lai S + will V + O → S + will be + V3/ed (+ by Sb/O) đơn I will feed the dogs. The dogs will be fed. (Tơi sẽ cho con chĩ ăn) (Con chĩ sẽ được tơi cho ăn) Tương lai S + is/ am/ are going to + V inf + → S + is/ am/ are going to BE + V gần O inf (by O) We are going to hold a party this A party is going to be held this year by year. us. (Chúng tơi định sẽ tổ chức một (Một bữa tiệc sẽ được tổ chức trong năm bữa tiệc trong năm nay.) nay bởi chúng tơi.) Tương lai S + will be + V_ing + O → S + will be + being + V3/ed (+ by tiếp diễn I will be washing dishes this time Sb/O) tomorrow. Dishes will be being washed by me this (Ngày mai tơi sẽ rửa chén) time tomorrow. (Ngày mai chén sẽ được tơi rửa) Tương lai S + will have + V3/ed + O → S + will have + been + V3/ed (+ by hồn thành They will have completed the Sb/ O) task by the end of January. The task will have been completed by (Họ sẽ hồn thành bài tập vào the end of January. cuối tháng 1) (Bài tập sẽ được họ hồn thành vào cuối tháng 1) PASSIVE VOICE: IMPERSONAL PASSIVE (CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG KHÁCH QUAN) P 17
18. PASSIVE VOICE: Impersonal passive - Sử dụng câu bị động khách quan để thể hiện ý kiến của người khác. Chúng ta thường thấy câu bị động khách quan trong các bản tin hay văn trần thuật. Nĩ cĩ thể được sử dụng trong những động từ mang nghĩa báo cáo như: say (nĩi), think (nghĩ), believe (tin rằng), know (biết rằng, hope, expect, report, understand, claim, etc. - Cấu trúc: S + be Vp2 that mệnh đề Ví dụ: - It is thought that Da Nang is the most liveable city in Vietnam. (Cĩ người nghĩ rằng Đà Nẵng là thành phố đáng sống nhất ở Việt Nam.) Trong câu trên khơng xác định rõ ràng ai là người nghĩ như vậy nên nĩ mang tính khách quan hơn. - It is reported that thousands of visitors come to enjoy breathtaking views of Ha Long Bay every year. (Cĩ báo cáo rằng hàng nghìn lượt khách đến tham quan thưởng thức cảnh đẹp của Vịnh Hạ Long mỗi năm) SUGGEST + V-ING/ CLAUSE WITH SHOULD (CẤU TRÚC SUGGEST + V-ING/ MỆNH ĐỀ VỚI SHOULD) - Cấu trúc “suggest + V-ing/mệnh đề với should” cĩ thể được sử dụng để nĩi với ai đĩ về ý kiến của mình rằng họ nên làm gì, họ nên đi đâu - Chúng t cũng cĩ thể sử dụng suggest + V-ing hoặc suggest + S + should để tường thuật lại ý kiến của người khác về những gì người khác nên làm hoặc chính bản thân họ nên làm - Cấu trúc: S + suggest + Ving S + suggest that + S (should) V nguyên thể Ví dụ: - My mother suggested going to see the doctor.(Mẹ tơi gợi ý đi khám bác sĩ) - The professor suggested that the students should read a number of books before the exam. (Ngài giáo sư khuyên sinh viên nên đọc sách trước kì thi) 1. DEFINING/ NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và khơng xác định) 1. Defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) - Đây là mệnh đề cần thiết vì danh từ mà nĩ bổ nghĩa là khơng xác định. - Mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ trước nĩ, làm cho người đọc và người nghe được danh từ được đề cập là ai, là cái gì. - Khơng cĩ nĩ câu sẽ khơng đủ nghĩa. - Khơng sử dụng dấu phẩy. Ex: - The man who lives next door to me is very friendly. - The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. 2. Non-defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định) - Đây là mệnh đề khơng cần thiết vì danh từ mà nĩ bổ nghĩa đã được xác định cụ thể. - Khơng cĩ nĩ câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. - Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy. - Trước danh từ thường cĩ: this, that, these, those, my, his, her và danh từ riêng. Ex: - Mr. Thanh, who is from Ha Tinh province, is a friendly English teacher. Ha Noi, which is the capital of Vietnam, is in the north of Vietnam Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. pressure B. whiteboard C. responsive D. whiteboard 2. A. drastically B. distinction C. enjoyable D. dependent 3. A. notification B. individual C. competition D. geographical 4. A. demolish B. syllabus C. industrial D. commercial 5. A. computer B. science C. theoretical D. facility P 18
19. Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part. 1. A. housework B. vision C. hospital D. classroom 2. A. burden B. curtain C. turtle D. curriculum 3. A. responsive B. content C. sector D. sense 4. A. discussion B. provision C. permission D. cushion 5. A. evaluation B. facilitator C. guidance D. female Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. forum B. machine C. changing D. final 2. A. advantage B. experience C. financial D. strategy 3. A. university B. announce C. contribution D. academic 4. A. apply B. standard C. service D. masterpiece 5. A. burden B. breadwinner C. uneconomic D. tailor Give the correct form of the verbs in the passive of simple future. 1. The essays (assess) by Hans de Wit, who is the President of the EAIE. 2. Students‟ academic performance (not evaluate) through exams only. 3. Classes (hold) also in places like restaurants or supermarkets. 4. The school‟s curriculum (tailor) constantly to meet changes in society. 5. Women (free) from most housework by high technology. 6. Not all the decisions in the family (make) by men. 7. More flyovers (build) to reduce traffic in the city. 8. We are staying at the Grand Hotel, which (demolish) for a department store Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence. 1. The living standards of people in remote areas . A. will be risen B. will arise C. will raise D. will be raised 2. The system of water pipes has broken. The supply . A. will have reduced B. will be reducing C. will reduce D. will be reduced 3. Women have been given economic and political rights, as well as the right to choose their own husband. A. equal B. able C. same D. alike 4. Teachers in modern classrooms are because their main task is to set goals and organise the learning process accordingly. A. facilities B. directions C. decision-makers D. facilitators 5. The Centre for Education Promotion and Empowerment for Women, was established years ago, has worked to gain equality for women. A. that B. it C. which D. what 6. The people about the novelist wrote were factory workers and their families. A. that B. them C. who D. whom 7. Although he did his best, he had to be with third place in the competition. A. pleasing B. satisfying C. content D. pleasant 8. The traditional role of a husband is a of safety and security A. supply B. provider C. deliveryman D. supporter 9. The sushi chef had to spend a few minutes one of his orders to fits the dietary needs of his customers. A. tailoring B. to tailor C. tailor D. tailored 10. The United Nations, was established in 1945, has over 200 members. A. which B. that C. what D. it 11. Companies have to be to customer demand. A. responding B. responsively C. responsible D. responsive 12. Mr. Nam is the teacher in we have much confidence. A. that B. which C. whom D. him P 19
20. 13. Some at an actual school, not a virtual one, will be required to help students develop appropriate social skills. A. attention B. attendee C. attendant D. attendance 14. Before the rise of Islam in the early 600s, Arabs lived in a traditional, society; men regarded women as their property. A. man-dominated B. male-dominated C. women-dominated D. female-dominated 15. Albert Einstein, was such a brilliant scientist, introduced the theory of relativity. A. that B. whose C. who D. whom 16. He showed the house he was born and grew up. A. in where B. in that C. which D. in which 17. A workshop can give children with experience with computers. A. practising B. hands-on C. skillful D. handy 18. He‟s still dependent on his parents; he regularly receives money to live from them. A. financially B. financier C. finance D. financial 19. The threat of terrorism soon. A. will be finished B. will finish C. will remove D. will be removed 20. The national debt in the near future. A. will pay off B. will be paid off C. will pay D. will be paid Find and correct the mistakes Choose the best answer. 1. We are talking about the girl who used to be a Miss World. A.The girl about whom we are talking used to be a Miss World. P 20
21. B.We hardly know a girl who used to be a Miss World. C.The girl who used to be a Miss World said that she knew you. D. We know the girl who used to be a Miss World. 2. He told her about the book. He liked it best A. He told her about the book which he liked it best. B. He told her about the book which he liked best. C. He told her about the book whom he liked best. D. He told her about the book whose he liked best 3. The old man is working in this factory. I borrowed his bicycle yesterday. A. The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday. B. The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday. C. The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory. D. The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factory. 4. This is my opinion. You can do nothing to change it. A. You can do nothing to change it my mind. B. There‟s nothing you can do to change my mind. C. There‟s nothing can be done except changing my mind. D. You can do everything to change it my mind. 5. The man , is the secretary. A. which you have just spoken B. whose you have just spoken C. to whom you have just spoken D. to who you have just spoken 6. It is the village where you , isn‟t it ? A. used to living B. used to live C. use to live D. use living 7. The police have caught the man . . A. who stole my motorbike. B. whose stole my motorbike. C. whom stole my motorbike. D. which stole my motorbike. 8. Colin told me about his new job, very much. A. that he‟s enjoying B. he‟s enjoying C. which he‟s enjoying D. he‟s enjoying it 9. The man is my teacher. 1 am grateful to him. A. The man whom I grateful to him is my teacher. B. The man whom I am grateful to is my teacher. C.The man is my teacher who I am grateful. D. The man to him I am grateful is my teacher. 10. Ngoc is friendly. We are talking about her. A.Ngoc, we are talking about, is friendly. B.Ngoc, whom we are talking about is friendly C.Ngoc, about her we are talking, is friendly. D. Ngoc, about whom we are talking, is friendly. Audio script: Part 1: Back in the mid-twentieth century, Kenya was a more male-dominated society compared to today. Men were ahead of women in both education and employment. But the situation has changed a lot since then. More and more women are working these days. They earn to support their families, as well as to be financially independent. More women study nowadays. Higher education has witnessed a great rise in the number of women attending colleges and universities. Part 2: Let's look at some figures. In 1995, 65 percent of Kenyan females stayed at home as housewives. This number dropped dramatically to 47 percent in 2010. It is predicted that this number will keep falling to around 30 percent in 2025. P 21
22. Only 22 percent of university students were girls in Kenya in 1995. Fifteen years later, in 2010, this number went up to 36 percent. Research shows that it will keep rising, and in 2025, about 48 percent of the student population will be made up of females. UNIT 12:MY FUTURE CAREER GETTING STARTED vocational /vəʊˈkeɪʃən/ (adj) thuộc về nghề nghiệp biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ (n) nhà sinh vật học certificate /səˈtɪfɪkət/ (n) giấy chứng nhận planner /ˈplỉnə(r)/ (n) người lập kế hoạch nine-to-five job /naɪn/-/tuː/-/faɪv/ /ʤɒb/ (n.phr) cơng việc giờ hành chính A CLOSER LOOK 1 physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ (n) nhà vật lý học pharmacist /ˈfɑːməsɪst/ (n) dược sỹ mechanic /məˈkỉnɪk/ (n) thợ máy profession /prəˈfeʃn/ (n) nghề nghiệp (yêu cầu kỹ năng và đào tạo đặc biệt) A CLOSER LOOK 2 dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ (v) sa thải, thải hồi attempt to /ə'tempt/ /tuː/ (v.phr) cố thử (làm gì) COMMUNICATION enroll /ɪnˈrəʊl/ (v) đăng kí học make a bundle /meɪk/ /ə/ /ˈbʌndl/ (v.phr) kiếm được nhiều tiền burn the midnight oil /bɜːn/ /ðə/ /ˈmɪdnaɪt/ /ɔɪl/ (idiom) thức khuya làm việc, học meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ (adj) đầy ý nghĩa flexitime /ˈfleksitaɪm/ (n) hệ thống giờ làm việc linh hoạt SKILLS 1 take into account /teɪk/ /ˈɪntuː/ /əˈkaʊnt/ (v.phr) cân nhắc I. MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ (CLAUSE OF CONCESSION): MẶC DÙ Ex: Although it rained cats and dogs, we went to school Although Though Even + S1+ V1 + O, S2 + V + O though Much as Despite the fact that In spite of cụm N Despite , S + V + O In spite of 2 2 Ving Notwithstanding II. VERB FORM (DẠNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ) 1. VERB + GERUNDS (Ving): * Các động từ theo sau giới từ đều chia ở V_ing: admit = thừa nhận involve = bao gồm avoid = tránh loathe = kinh tởm anticipate = lường trước mind = phiền appreciate = tán thánh miss = hụt, lỡ complete = hồn thành mention = đề cập consider = xem xét prevent = ngăn ngừa deny = từ chối postpone = hỗn lại P 22
23. detest = ghét practice = thực hành discuss = thảo luận resent = căm thù defend = bảo vệ resist = kháng cự delay = trì hỗn recall = gợi nhớ despise = khinh thường recollect = nhớ ra enjoy = thích thú report = báo cáo, tường trình escape = thốt được resume = cho rằng excuse = thứ lỗi risk = liều lĩnh fancy = đam mê can‟t see = khơng hiểu forgive = tha thứ tolerate = tha thứ, chịu đựng can‟t help = khơng thể khơng understand = hiểu imagine = tưởng tượng VERB + To V-infinitives: → V + to V → V + O + to V afford = đủ điều kiện manage = xoay xở agree = đồng ý offer = tỏ ý muốn appear = hĩa ra; hình như order = ra lệnh arrange = sắp xếp prepare = chuẩn bị ask = yêu cầu pretend = giả bộ beg = van nài promise = hứa choose = chọn lựa persuade = thuyết phục challenge = thách thức plan = dự định claim = thỉnh cầu refuse = từ chối decide = quyết định remind = nhắc nhở expect = mong đợi swear = thề thốt fail = quên; thất bại seem = dường như force = ép buộc threaten = cảnh báo; đe dọa happen = tình cờ tell = bảo; ra lệnh hesitate = ngại ngùng take = phải, yêu cầu hope = hy vọng tend = cĩ khuynh hướng instruct = chi dẫn want = cần phải invite = mời wish = mong muốn learn = học hành would like = muốn VERB + sb + V-infinitives: - let: để, cho phép - help: giúp đỡ - make: buộc, bắt - have: nhờ, yêu cầu - get: nhờ, thuyết phục - would rather: thích hơn - had better: tốt hơn nên - modal verbs: động từ khuyết thiếu VERB (GIÁC QUAN) + OBJECT + V/ V-ing: - see - notice - watch - look at - observe - hear - listen to - feel - smell - catch - find * V-infi: nếu nghe/thấy tồn bộ hành động từ đầu đến cuối Ex: I saw my friend run down the street. * V-ing: nếu nghe/thấy 1 phần hành động đang xảy ra. Ex: I saw my friend running down the street. VERB + to V/ V-ing (KHƠNG KHÁC NHAU VỀ NGHĨA) P 23
24. - intend - advise - encourage - allow - forbid - permit - admit - recommend * Nếu sau những từ trên khơng cĩ tân ngữ thì cĩ thể dùng V-ing * Nếu sau những từ trên cĩ tân ngữ thì buộc phải dùng to V - begin - start - continue - like - love - hate - can‟t stand - can‟t bear * Phải dùng START/BEGIN với “to V” trong 2 trường hợp sau:  Khi động từ START/BEGIN được dùng ở hình thức tiếp diễn. When I got off the train, it was beginning/starting to rain.  Theo sau động từ START/BEGIN là 2 động từ UNDERSTAND, REALIZE. She began to understand/ to realize what he wanted. VERB + to V/ V-ing: (KHÁC NHAU VỀ NGHĨA) - Stop to V : dừng lại để làm gì. - Try to V : cố gắng làm điều gì. V_ing : chấm dứt 1 việc gì. V_ing : thừ làm gì xem kết quả ra sao. - Prefer to V : thích làm 1 việc gì đĩ. - Like to V : muốn, quen làm điều gì. V_ing : thích việc gì đĩ. V_ing : thích làm điều gì. - Need to V : cần phải làm gì (chủ động). - Agree to V : đồng ý làm gì đĩ. V_ing : cần phải được làm gì (bị động) V_ing : đồng ý chuyện gì đĩ. - Mean to V : cĩ ý định/kế hoạch. - Propose to V : cĩ ý định/ kế hoạch V_ing : yêu cầu. V_ing : gợi ý/ đề nghị. - Remember/regret/forget + to V : nhớ/ tiếc/ quên làm gì. Ving : nhớ/ tiếc/ quên đã làm gì (trong quá khứ) VERB + OBJECT + to V: - advise: khuyên - instruct: dạy, chỉ thị - allow: cho phép - invite: mời - ask: yêu cầu - need: cần - beg: van xin - order: ra lệnh - cause: gây, làm cho - permit: cho phép - challenge: thách thức - persuade: thuyết phục - convince: thuyết phục - remind: nhắc nhở - dare: thách - require: địi hỏi/ yêu cầu - encourage: khuyến khích - teach: dạy - expect: mong - tell: bảo, nĩi - forbid: cấm - urge: thúc giục - force: buộc - want: muốn - hire: thuê - warn: cảnh báo CÁC DẠNG CỦA “to V” VÀ V-ing” * to V: V + NOT + TO V(INF) => We decided not to buy a car. V + TO BE + V_ING => We pretended to be sleeping. V + TO HAVE + PP => You seem to have lost weight. V + TO BE + PP => We expect to be invited to the party. V + TO HAVE BEEN + PP => Jane is lucky now to have been given a scholarship last month by her govern. * V_ing: V + NOT + V_ING => I enjoy not being at home. V + HAVING + PP => I appreciate now having had opportunity to meet the king yesterday. V + BEING + PP => I appreciated being invited to your home. V + HAVING BEEN + PP => I appreciate having told the news Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. P 24
25. 1. A. alternative B. academic C. variety D. biologist 2. A. architecture B. development C. vocational D. compulsory 3. A. injection B. professional C. management D. vocational 4. A. researcher B. leisure C. meaningful D. colleague 5. A. sympathetic B. dynamic C. consider D. adaptable Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part. 1. A. vision B. sense C. rinseless D. housekeeper 2. A. career B. applied C. alternative D. approach 3. A. telescope B. universe C. profession D. content 4. A. calm B. skillful C. logical D. cultivation 5. A. mechanic B. technical C. professional D. empathetic Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. economical B. cultivation C. disappoint D. administrator 2. A. career B. practical C. flextime D. service 3. A. understand B. bundle C. customer D. burning 4. A. education B. educational C. opportunity D. certificate 5. A. architect B. mechanic C. channel D. chemistry Complete the sentences using the correct form (ing-form or to-infinitive of the verb in brackets) 1. Reliable friends are always there for you. They never fail (help) you. 2. Why don‟t you stop (work) and take a rest? 3. I was a bit lazy this time, but I promise (study) harder next time. 4. If you want a quiet holiday, you should avoid (go) to the coast in summer. 5. When we told him a plan, he agreed (join) our team. 6. John missed (have) dinner with his old school mates. 7. This is a very badly organized project. I will never consider (take) part in it. 8. I can‟t stand my boss. I have decided (look) for another job. 9. He only wants privacy. He can‟t understand people (ask) him personal questions. 10. Do you ever regret (not study) at university, Peter? Complete the sentences using the correct form (ing-form or to-infinitive of the verb in brackets) 1. The horses struggled (pull) the wagon out of the mud. 2. Anita demanded (know) why she had been fired. 3. My skin can‟t tolerate (be) in the sun all day I get sunburned easily. 4. I avoided (tell) Mary the truth because I knew she would be angry. 5. Fred Washington claims (be) a descendant of George Washington. 6. Mr. Kwan broke the antique vase. I‟m sure he didn‟t mean (do) it. 7. I urged Omar (return) to school and (finish) his education. 8. Mrs. Freeman can‟t help (worry) about her children. 9. Children I forbid you (play) in the street. There‟s too much traffic. 10. My little cousin is a blabbermouth! He can‟t resist (tell) everyone my secret. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence. 1. I am trying money to pay for a trip with my best friends in the next summer holiday. A. save B. to save C. to be saved D. saving 2. The director is an important man behind the in the play. A. curtain B. closed doors C. scenes D. wheel 3. If you burn the oil night after night, you‟ll probably become ill. P 25
26. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. midnigh 4. Although many people have some interest in history, few of them decide to become . A. politics B. historians C. scientists D. researcher 5. Linda can‟t stand in a room with all of the windows closed. A. sleep B. sleeping C. slept D. being slept 6. That artist painted a beautiful painting of a rhino the fact that he has never seen one. A. although B. despite C. because D. due to 7. My parents have me to focus on social sciences and humanities. A. tried B. encouraged C. managed D. make 8. Would you mind the door? A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 9. The number of in the company has trebled over the past decade. A. employers B. employees C. employments D. unemploy 10. His explanation about why he became a biologist did not satisfy my at all. A. willing B. curiosity C. knowledge D. qualities 11. What kind of career do you think is most suitable for you when you‟ve just graduated from college? A. way B. ladder C. path D. break 12. These plants are all easily to colder climates. A. adaptable B. available C. accessible D. capable 13. You should give up or you will die of cancer. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked 14. I hope they take her age into when they judge her work. A. account B. note C. thinking D. attention 15. Ann was very surprised to find the door unlocked. She remembered it before she left. A. to lock B. locking C. lock D. she locks 16. My sister is a(n) and she wants to become a fashion designer. A. romantic B. artistic C. optimistic D. pessimistic 17. We need to get a good job to a decent living A. spend B. earn C. do D. bring 18. The staff discussed the next meeting until next week. A. postponing B. to postpone C. postpone D. to postponing 19. The possible career paths in education can be to become teachers, education or curriculum developers. A. leaders B. administrators C. managers D. businessman 20. You can make by starting up your own business. A. a difference B. a fuss C. headway D. a bundle 21. The assignment was very lengthy so she was forced to burn the to get it done on time. A. lamp B. oil C. midnight lamp D. midnight oil. 21. The driver stopped a coffee because he felt sleepy. A. have B. to have C. having D had 22. You should choose a job that is based on your and your likes. A. levels B. abilities C. rates D. career 23. She is a(n) social worker who soon realized that the single mother was at her breaking point. A. sympathy B. empathy C. apathetic D. synthetic 24. Evaluation of students‟ progress in English is throughout the session. A. ongoing B. existing C. oncoming D. developing 25. Almost everyone doesn‟t trust David his friendliness. P 26
27. A. due to B. in spite C. in case D. despite 26. You will never get a good job if you don‟t have any . A. measures B. qualifications C. levels D. degrees 27. Recent advances in science mean that many fatal diseases can now be cured. A. medicine B. medical C. hospital D. surgery 28. I suggest some more mathematical puzzles. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 29. Having finished the reading report, I began to listen to music. A. to write B. to have written C. writing D. written. Complete the sentences with the correct form, gerund or infinitive, of the words in parentheses. 1. He wore glasses (avoid) (be) recognized. 2. Before (give) evidence you must swear (speak) the truth. 3. I tried (persuade) him (agree) with your proposal. 4. Your windows need (clean) .Would you like me (do) them for vou. 5. Would you mind (shut) the window? I hate (sit) in a draught. 6. I can‟t help (sneeze) ; I caught a cold yesterday because of (sit) in a draught. 7. Stop (talk) ; I am trying (finish) a letter. 8. His doctor advised him (give) up (jog) . 9. My watch keeps (stop) . 10.People used (make) fire by (rub) two sticks together. Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. orchid B. massive C. exotic D. stir 2. A. emergency B. prefer C. versatile D. operate 3. A. punctual B. fluent C. marinate D. drain 4. A. maple B. staple C. massive D. breathtaking 5. A. persuasion B. extension C. confusion D. explosion Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. versatile B. operate C. common D. variety 2. A. dominated B. architecture C. parabolic D. empathy 3. A. magnificence B. stimulating C. imperial D. simplicity 4. A. habitable B. business C. consequently D. externally 5. A. affordable B. ingredient C. destination D. derivative P 27
28. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word. 1. I have a that within 5 years from today, there shall be a significant improvement in the numbers of women leaders at various levels. A. vision B. scene C. sight D. decision 2. There are several reasons Adam is not chosen for the school football team. A. for what B. explaining C. form then D. why 3. In the world today people around 2,700 different languages. A. converse B. communicate C. speak D. say 4. They didn‟t stop until 11.30 pm when there was a power cut. A. to sing and dancing B. singing and dance C. singing and dancing D. to sing and dance 5. The ingredient in every meal of Vietnamese people is fish sauce A. active B. essential C. particular D natural 5. My sister enjoys travelling round different countries. She is going on a Scotland this summer. A. tour B. travel C. journey D. voyage 6. She really remembers her daughter her a bar of soap. A. telling – to buy B. to tell – buying C. to tell – to buy D. telling – buying 7. Many vegetables, especially leafy green ones, are sources of calcium. A. numerable B. a lot C. rich D. attractive 8. The sentence “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” all 26 letters in the English alphabet. A. utilizes B. consumes C. writes D. uses 9. Valentina Tereshkova, was born in 1937, is the first woman to fly and orbit in space. A. she B. which C. who D. that 10. Each member of the family has a small bowl and which allow him or her to take food from the table throughout the meal. A. knives B. pans C. pots D. chopsticks 11. If you put those sweets in your cola, the bottle explode. A. must B. ought C. might D. should 12. Yuri Gagarin was in orbit in a spaceship moved around the Earth at the speed of more than 17,000 miles per hour. A. which B. at which C. it D. this 13. On the Cao Lau noodles in Hoi An were some meat mixed with fried noodles served with vegetables and bean sprouts. A. parts B. cuts C. slices D. shares 14. Be patient. You can‟t to learn a foreign language in a week. A. consider B. think C. believe D. expect 15. The semester is almost over and we‟re all burning before exams. A. the midnight lamp B. the lamp C. the oil D. the midnight oil 16. One special feature of cuisine in Southern Vietnam is short cooking time which aims to the freshness of food. A. save B. store C. protect D. remain 17. The main of this drink are wine, orange juice and bitters. A. components B. ingredients C. parts D. compositions 18. The computer program is to the needs of individual users. A. adaptable B. reasonable C. available D. accessible 19. Drinking enough water is a vital part it keeps your body functioning properly. A. because B. or C. but D. although P 28
29. 20. You see a Yeti if you go to the Himalayas. A. would B. might C. had to D. must 21. Her new boss is so bad that he does never take of her extra hours of work 22. that‟s why she need to change her job now. A. into investigation B. into account C. consideration D. account 23. If I could speak Spanish, I next year studying in Mexico. A. would have spent B. would spend C. will spend D. had spent 24. Once we get to the hotel, let‟s just quickly and then do a bit of sightseeing. A. check in B. turn up C. set down D. make up 25. Dogs have a keen sense of . A. flowers B. smell C. food D. ability 26. Kate, with I studied in the middle school, is now a student in Canada. A. whose B. whom C. that D. who 27. Your doctor, advice you ought to listen to, is a clever man indeed. A. whose B. which C. who D. whom 28. Interesting movements have been launched to attract the of a large number of youths. A. participant B. participating C. participate D. participation 29. Not every student is aware of of the English language. A. its importance B. the importance C. importance D. an importance 30. I paid attention, and I didn‟t hear what the others were saying. A. much B. a lot of C. little D. a little Use the infinitives given in the correct form to finish the sentences. 1. The plant (to ran) by the head engineer for a fortnight before a new director (appoint) . 2. Here you (to be) at last! I (to wait) for you for twenty minutes. 3. He hated (to bother) with trifling matters when he had many more important things (to deal) with. 4. She would never miss a chance (to show) her efficiency, she was so anxious (to like) and (to praise) . 5. The idea was too complicated (to express) in just one paragraph. Audio script: Phong: We had a good discussion yesterday about our future careers. Mrs. Warner: Did you? With Nick? Phong: Yes and also with Trang. Mrs. Warner: Good. Nick said that you want to become a teacher. Phong: I've changed my mind! My mum is a teacher. She has mountains of work to do behind the scenes - preparing lessons, marking, giving feedback. She always has to work overtime without extra pay. I'd choose a nine-to-five job. Mrs. Warner: I know! Phong: Then there's the unpleasant task of dealing with lazy or naughty students. I'm not that patient! Mrs. Warner: But it's rewarding when your students are successful and they appreciate your P 29
30. efforts. What about Trang? Phong: She said she's interested in travelling, and she's a sociable girl. She wants to become a tour guide. Mrs. Warner: That sounds good. What about Nick? Phong: Nick doesn't want to spend so much time on academic subjects. He'd prefer to acquire some applied skills and get a job right after school. Mrs. Warner: Did he tell you which job? Phong: He mentioned becoming a mechanic. He's fascinated by cars, and he's good with his hands. Mrs. Warner: I know, but it won't be easy. He'll need to learn lots of skills to do it P 30