Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng anh Lớp 8 - Unit 12: Life on other planets

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng anh Lớp 8 - Unit 12: Life on other planets

1. UNIT 12: LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS A. VOCABULARY 1. adventure (n) /ədˈventʃə(r)/ cuộc phiờu lưu 2. crew (n) /kruː/ (đội) thủy thủ trờn tàu, phi hành đoàn 3. terrorist (n) /terərist/ người khủng bố 4. alien (n) /ˈeɪliən/ người ngoài hành tinh 5. fiction film (n) /ˈfɪkʃn fɪlm/ phim viễn tưởng 6. captain (n) /ˈkổptɪn/ thuyền trưởng 7. space buggy (n) /speɪs ˈbʌɡ.i/ toa khụng gian 8. weightless (a) /ˈweɪtləs/ khụng trọng lực 9. galaxy (n) /ˈɡổləksi/ thiờn hà 10. solar system (n) /ˈsəʊlər sɪstəm/ hệ mặt trời 11. UFO (n) /ˌjuː ef ˈəʊ/ vật thể bay khụng xỏc định 12. Mercury (n) /ˈmɜːkjəri/ sao Thuỷ 13. Venus (n) /ˈviːnəs/ sao Kim 14. Mars (n) /mɑːz/ Sao Hỏa 15. Jupiter (n) /ˈdʒuːpɪtə(r)/ sao Mộc 16. Saturn (n) /ˈsổtɜːn/ sao Thổ 17. Neptune (n) /ˈneptjuːn/ sao Hải Vương 18. Uranus /ˈjʊərənəs/ sao Thiờn Vương 19. waterless (a) /ˈwɔːtələs/ khụ hạn, hạn hỏn 20. resourceful (a) /rɪˈsɔːsfl/ rất nhiều tài nguyờn 21. airless (a) /ˈeələs/ khụng cú khụng khớ 22. mix-up (n.phr) /ˈmɪksʌp/ nhầm lẫn 23. checkout (n.phr) /ˈtʃekaʊt/ thủ tục thanh toỏn 24. grassy (n) /ˈɡrɑːsi/ cú cỏ, đầy cỏ 25. daytime (n) /ˈdeɪtaɪm/ ban ngày 26. breathable (a) /ˈbriːðəbl/ cú thể thở được 27. hydrated (a) /ˈhaɪdreɪtɪd/ đầy đủ nước 28. trace (n) /treɪs/ dấu vết 29. poisonous (a) /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ nhiễm độc 30. accommodate (v) /əˈkɒmədeɪt/ thớch nghi 31. reddish (a) /ˈredɪʃ/ hơi đỏ 32. sense of smell (n.phr) /sɛns/ /ɒv/ /smɛl/ khứu giỏc 33. charge a battery (n.phr) /ʧɑːʤ/ /ə/ /ˈbổtəri/ sạc pin 34. inhabitant (n) /ɪnˈhổbɪtənt/ cư dõn 35. imagine (v) /ɪˈmổdʒɪn/ tưởng tượng 36. flying saucer (n) /ˈflaɪɪŋ/ /ˈsɔːsə/ đĩa bay 37. land (v) /lổnd/ đặt chõn 38. incident (n) /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ sự cố
2. 39. danger (n) /ˈdeɪndʒə/ hiểm họa, mối đe dọa 40. NASA (n) /ˈnổsə/ cơ quan Hàng khụng và Vũ trụ Mỹ 41. outer space (n) /ˈaʊtə speɪs/ ngoài vũ trụ 42. planet (n) /ˈplổnɪt/ hành tinh 43. surface (n) /ˈsɜːfɪs/ bề mặt 44. trek (n, v) /trek/ hành trỡnh, du hành B. GRAMMAR ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU: may & might I. Cấu trỳc 1. Cõu khẳng định: S + may/ might + V_inf 2. Cõu phủ định: S + may not/ might not + V_inf 3. Cõu nghi vấn: May/ Might + S + V_inf? II. Cỏch dựng và phõn biệt MAY & MIGHT 1. Dựng MAY & MIGHT để diễn tả khả năng xảy ra Cả hai từ đều núi về khả năng của một sự việc, nhưng chỳng ta dựng might khi khả năng xảy ra thấp, cũn dựng may khi khả năng xảy ra cao hơn. Vớ dụ: I may go to Saigon tomorrow. She is very busy, but I hope she might join us tomorrow. Chỳ ý: Chỉ dựng MIGHT trong cõu hỏi để chỉ khả năng Đặt cõu hỏi: khụng nờn dựng may để hỏi về một sự kiện cú khả năng xảy ra, mà nờn dựng might. Khụng nờn núi: May you go shopping tonight? 2. Dựng MAY & MIGHT để xin phộp Cả may và might đều cú thể dựng để xin phộp, nhưng might thỡ nhỳn nhường và lịch sự hơn. Vớ dụ: May I open the door? I wonder if I might have a little more wine. 3. Dựng MAY để chỳc tụng - may cú thể dựng để chỳc tụng hay núi về hi vọng Vớ dụ: May you both be very happy. May God be with you. - may cũng cú thể dựng thay thế cho although, despite, even if. Thay vỡ núi: Even if he is clever, he hasn’t got much common sense. Cú thể núi: He may be clever, but he hasn’t got much common sense. 4. Dựng MAY để diễn tả sự cho phộp làm gỡ một cỏch trang trọng Vớ dụ: You may borrow books in the library. 5. Dựng MIGHT để bỏo cỏo hay tường thuật giỏn tiếp đó được cho phộp sử dụng cỏi gỡ đú trong quỏ khứ. Khi đú might là dạng quỏ khứ của may The professor said to us: “You may use the lab.” => The professor told us that we might use the lab. C. EXERCISES
3. I. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box. galaxy planet flying saucer solar system astronaut outer space space buggy weightless aliens traces 1. A___ is sometimes referred to as an Unidentified Flying Object (UFO). 2. An___ is a person who is trained for travelling in a spacecraft. 3. Researchers made the amazing findings of___of water on Mars. 4. A___ is a vehicle used for driving on the moon. 5. Our___ is made up of the sun and all the objects that travel around it. 6. Earth is the only known to be habitable to___ life. 7. Do you believe___ exist on other planets? 8. Spacecraft are vehicles used for travel in___. 9. Our___, the Milky Way, consists of 100 - 400 billion stars. 10. Astronauts on the orbiting space station are___ because they do not experience a force of gravity. II. Choose the best answers to complete the sentences. 1. ___ is the name of a planet that matches the Roman God of the sea. A. Mars B. Sun C. Venus D. Neptune 2. Discovered in the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune, ___ is a dwarf planet. A. Jupiter B. Pluto C. Saturn D. Mercury 3. Unidentified Flying Objects or “___” haven’t been formally recognized. A. UFOs B. spaceships C. space shuttles D. spacecraft 4. Some people believe the___ was created by a big explosion. A. galaxy B. atmosphere C. universe D. outer space 5. ___ is named after the Roman God of war. A. Uranus B. Jupiter C. Mars D. Venus 6. A (n) ___is a scientist who studies the stars and planets. A. captain B. alien C. astronaut D. astronomer 7. Astronauts___ around in space because there is no gravity in space. A. fly B. float C. walk D. trace 8. In a weightless environment, everything floats___. A. uncontrollably B. downwards C. smoothly D. constantly 9. On June 2, 1966, Surveyor 1 becomes the first U.S.___ to land on the moon. A. flying saucer B. airplane C. spacecraft D. helicopter 10. Mars is the most___ planet in our Solar System besides Earth. A. powerful B. notable C. appropriate D. habitable III. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition. 1. The children were excited___ Star Wars: The Last Jedi. 2. Yuri Gagarin was the first person to fly___ space. 3. NASA scientists are looking___ habitable planets. 4. Mercury is the closest planet___ the Sun. 5. He saw aliens coming___ of the UFO. 6. Venus is very similar___ Earth in terms of size and surface gravity. 7. Mars is named___ the Roman God of war. 8. If intelligent aliens exist, how could we communicate___ them?
4. 9. Humans will be living___ Mars far sooner than most people think. 10. Neil Armstrong took the first steps on the moon’s surface___ July 20, 1969. IV. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets. 1. John Young, NASA most___ astronaut, flown into space six times. (experience) 2. The high concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere makes it___ to humans. (poison) 3. The planet Mars has been___ remotely by spacecraft. (exploration) 4. Saturn’s moon Rhea may have a___ atmosphere that is very similar to Earth’s. (breathe) 5. The term UFO stands for “___ flying object”. (identify) 6. What___ could you propose for humans to live in a City on the moon? (accommodate) V. Complete the sentences using may (not) or might (not). Where two answers are possible, write them both. 1. Aliens___ exist in ways that we can’t even imagine. 2. Many scientists think that there___ be life on other planets. 3. Scientists said that farthest stars in Milky Way___ be cut by another galaxy. 4. I___ go to the party because I’m not feeling very well. 5. In the future, it___ be possible to build a spaceship that can travel to distant planet. 6. I have an appointment at the dentist’s at 4.00. ___I leave half an hour early? 7. Astronomers thought the dwarf planet 2007 OR10___ have a moon. 8. If we found water on Mars, we___ use it to make rocket fuel. 9. The examiner says we___ leave when we’ve finished. 10. Some scientists think aliens___ have two legs, or any legs at all. VI. Complete the reported YES/ NO questions. 1. ‘May I ask you a few questions?’ The woman asked John___ 2. ‘Have you done your project about space exploration?’ The teacher asked me___ 3. ‘Will we be able to live on Mars in 2050?’ Debbie asked her father___ 4. ‘Are you having a barbecue tonight?’ I asked the Browns___ 5. ‘Do you like sci-fi films that feature extraterrestrial life?’ Jane asked Tom___ 6. ‘Did scientists find life on Mars many years ago?’ Val asked me___ 7. ‘Are aliens or UFOs real?’ Many people wondered___ 8. ‘Can we go to the National Museum tomorrow?’ Sally asked her best friend___ 9. ‘Do you know NASA has found two new planets?’ Duc asked Trang___ 10. ‘Were you here yesterday?’ She wanted to know___
5. VII. Complete the reported WH- questions. 1. ‘Where will we live in 20 years’ time?’ Jane asked me___ 2. ‘How was your trip to Toronto?’ I asked Peter___ 3. ‘Why didn’t Judy wait for fireballs last night?’ Sue asked___ 4. ‘How many planets are there in the solar System?’ The teacher asked us___ _ 5. ‘How many days does it take to get to Mars from Earth?’ Elliot wanted to know___ _ 6. ‘What are you staring at?’ I asked Sally___ 7. ‘Who discovered the planet Neptune?’ Joe asked his teacher___ 8. ‘How long have you been living on the International Space Station?’ He asked the astronaut___ 9. ‘When will humans go to Venus?’ The students wanted to know___ 10. ‘Where are you going this summer holidays?’ I asked Sally and Andy___ VIII. Rewrite each sentence as reported speech with tense and time and place expression changes. 1. ‘I was here three months ago,’ Tim said. ___ 2. ‘When does the next train leave?’ He wanted to know. ___ 3. ‘Are you meeting Judy at four o’clock today?’ She asked me. ___ 4. I’ve already seen this exhibition,’ Jane told me. ___ 5. ‘Who did you meet at the party last night?’ My mother asked. ___ 6. ‘We are having dinner now, so I can only talk for a minute,’ Miki said. ___ 7. ‘May I use your phone?’ I asked Peter. ___ 8. ‘Public spending will be increased next year/ the Prime Minister announced. ___ 9. ‘My father drinks a cup of coffee every morning before going to work.’ Peter said. ___ 10. ‘How long have you lived here?’ Cheryl asked the old woman. ___ IX. Choose the correct answers.
6. 1. ‘There was an accident outside the supermarket.’ A. He said there had been an accident outside the supermarket. B. He said there was an accident outside the supermarket. C. He said there has been an accident outside the supermarket. 2. ‘Have you ever seen a UFO?’ A. Jim wanted to know if had I ever seen a UFO. B. Jim asked if I had ever seen a UFO. C. Jim asked whether I ever saw a UFO. 3. She asked if you’d seen her painting on display in the exhibit. A. ‘Will you see my painting on display in the exhibit?’ B. ‘Did you see my painting on display in the exhibit?’ C. ‘Have you seen her painting on display in the exhibit?’ 4. I’m flying to India tomorrow.’ A. Yesterday, Matt said that he was flying to India tomorrow. B. Yesterday, Matt told me that I was flying to India the next day. C. Yesterday, Matt said that he was flying to India the following day. 5. ‘Why did you go out last night?’ A. She asked me why I had gone out the night before. B. She asked me why did I go out the previous night. C. She wanted to know why I went out that night. 6. My instructor said that we were the best class he’d ever taught. A. ‘You are the best class I’ve ever taught,’ my instructor said. B. ‘You were the best class I ever taught/ my instructor said to me. C. ‘They are the best class he’s ever taught,’ said my instructor. 7. ‘Can you help me with my homework?’ A. Nick asked whether his sister can help him with his homework. B. Nick asked his sister could she help him with his homework. C. Nick asked his sister if she could help him with his homework. 8. Bill wanted to know when Susan was going out with Tony. A. ‘When you are going out with Tony, Susan?’ B. ‘When was you going out with Tony, Susan?’ C. ‘When are you going out with Tony, Susan?’ 9. ‘I will come if I can finish work early.’ A. He said that he will come if he can finish work early. B. He told that he would come if he could finish work early. C. He told me that he would come if he could finish work early. 10. ‘What is the closest planet to Earth?’ A. The student wondered if the closest planet to Earth is. B. The student asked what the closest planet to Earth was. C. The student asked what was the closest planet to Earth. X. Complete the passage with the words from the box. surface survive frozen universe explore missions down might As we explore the (1) ___, we naturally ask, “Is there life on other planets?”
7. In 1976, NASA’s twin Viking landers touched (2) ___ on Mars in an attempt to answer a weighty question: Is there life on the Red Planet? Since then, NASA and other space agencies have sent many more (3) ___ to Mars. However; the answer so far is, “We don’t know, but we’ll keep searching.” All life on Earth needs liquid water to (4) ___. Since spacecraft haven’t found any liquid water on Mars’ (5) ___, scientists think that there is no life there. But what about below the surface? Spacecraft have discovered (6) ___ water in Mars’ polar ice caps and in clouds of ice crystals. This means that there (7) ___ be liquid water below the surface where it’s warmer. NASA plans to continue to (8) ___ Mars every two years. In future missions, we’ll explore below the surface and search for liquid water - and life! XI. Read the passage, then decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). THE INNER PLANETS Planets are large bodies that rotate around the sun. The inner planets, or terrestrial planets, are the four planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Even though these planets are all small and rocky, they have more differences than they have things in common. Because Mercury is the closest to the sun, the side that faces the sun gets as hot as 427° Celsius. At the same time, the side that faces away from the sun is a freezing -173° Celsius. The extreme temperatures alone make it a very unlikely place for life. With an atmosphere too thin for human breathing, it’s obvious that people won’t be living on Mercury any time soon. The next planet from the sun is Venus. Below clouds of sulfuric gas lies 96% carbon dioxide atmosphere. That might be nice for a plant, since a plant “breathes” carbon dioxide, but not for a person. If you managed to survive the atmosphere, the surface of the planet is hot enough to melt solid metal. Venus has a temperature that is maintained at 462° Celsius, no matter where you go on the planet. You are probably most familiar with Earth because it is your home planet. It has the perfect conditions for life. Earth’s atmosphere and oceans help control the trickiest part of making a planet life-friendly: temperature. Earth is the only planet known to have liquid water. Mars is the fourth farthest from the sun. Some people think it may be possible for life to exist there. Although scientists have not been able to find actual water on Mars, there seems to be evidence of water erosion on its surface. Its canyons and mountains are very similar to those found on Earth. The main difference is that there is no plant life. Some scientists believe that Mars may have been very much like Earth until something happened that made the water supply evaporate. 1. The inner planets are located closest to the sun. 2. Mercury is the hottest planet because it’s the closest to the sun. 3. Venus has an atmosphere whose composition is similar to that of Earth. 4. The temperature on the surface of Venus is hot enough to melt lead. 5. Earth has a surface temperature that is uniquely friendly to life. 6. Scientists have proved that life once existed on Mars. 7. It seems that Mars once had liquid water on its surface. 8. Some scientists believe that Mars is very similar to the Earth. XII. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one. 1. American scientists have drawn plans for an extension to the ISS. Plans___ 2. “Can NASA prove that there is life on a moon of Jupiter?” He asked___ 3. The student wanted to know how long it took to get to red planet. The student asked, “___” 4. Paul left the office before Sarah arrived there.
8. When Sarah___ 5. The heavy snow made it impossible for the plane to take off on time. The plane was prevented___ 6. “What time did you get home last night?” My parents asked___ 7. It’s possible that Lucy isn’t at home now. Lucy might___ 8. NASA stopped sending humans to the moon in 1972. NASA hasn’t___ 9. “We are meeting Tony at 8 o’clock tonight.” She said that ___ 10. Sam told me that he was very tired then because he had been working hard for 12 hours. Sam said to me, “___ TEST FOR UNIT 12 I. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. 1. A. accommodate B. adventure C. alien D. appropriate 2. A. UFO B. Jupiter C. Neptune D. Future 3. A. saucer B. crew C. Mercury D. accommodate 4. A. climate B. sighting C. might D. aliens 5. A. breathe B. earth C. sea D. meaningful II. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is placed differently. 1. A. surface B. UFO C. alien D. weightless 2. A. temperature B. Jupiter C. Mercury D. adventure 3. A. atmosphere B. powerful C. condition D. astronaut 4. A. appropriate B. aeronautic C. astronomy D. inhabitant 5. A. similarly B. discovery C. accommodate D. unsuitable III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence. 1. Mercury is the smallest and closest planet___ the Sun. A. from B. to C. toward D. of 2. There’s no water on Mars even though scientists have found traces___ it. A. on B. with C. for D. of 3. Neptune is so far from Earth, it is___ to the naked eye. A. invisible B. impossible C. disable D. unsuitable 4. Nick saw aliens corning out of the UFO, which___ a big disc. A. stood for B. consisted of C. looked like D. lived on 5. Could we modify Mars’___ to make it more suitable for human life? A. climate B. trace C. experience D. trek 6. When do you think the first human___ walk on the surface of Mars? A. must B. should C. would D. might 7. Have you ever wondered___ it would be like to live on the moon? A. whether B. what C. why D. that 8. Tim asked his teacher when the first space shuttle___. A. has been launched B. will be launched C. had been launched D. was being launched 9. She wanted to know if I had met Judy at the station___. A. the day after B. the next day C. the following day D. the previous day 10. “I saw a UFO hovering above my back garden.” - “___” A. You said it! B. Very funny! C. You’re joking! D. Absolutely right!
9. IV. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets. 1. In 1947 pilot Kenneth Arnold___ (spot) nine shiny, unidentified flying objects flying past Mount Rainier. 2. What___ (happen) if aliens made contact with Earth? 3. He wanted to know how NASA___ (communicate) with spacecraft. 4. Almost the same as Earth, a day on Mars___ (have) 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds. 5. Nick said that he___ (see) a UFO land in a grassy area the day before. 6. Captain Ray Bowyer gained clear views of two UFOs when he___ (fly) in the English Channel. 7. So far, only two spacecraft___ (fly) to Mercury to collect data. 8. Sue asked her teacher how long it___ (take) to travel to Mars. 9. Neptune___ (discover) on September 23, 1846. 10. NASA hope they___ (be) able to send people to Mars by 2030. V. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks. How many planets are there in our galaxy? That’s a tricky question to answer. Are there other planets that support life? That’s exactly what the Kepler mission hopes to discover. NASA launched the Kepler space telescope, designed to find habitable planets, in 2009. So far it has discovered five new Earth -sized planets beyond our solar System. These planets are hotter than the Earth - much too hot for life as we know it. The Kepler team predict that they will need at least three years to find an Earth-like planet. The simplest requirement for a planet to have life is for there to be liquid water so the distance from the planet’s sun and therefore temperature are important. There also needs to be the correct amount of air. If a planet is as small as Mars (half the size of Earth) its weak gravity means that it can’t hold on to air molecules. If a planet is Neptune sized (four times bigger than Earth) it has very strong gravity and too much air. So size matters too. The cost of the mission is approximately six hundred million dollars. It is scheduled to observe until 2013 but this could be extended. Will we be sad if we discover we are alone in our galaxy or happy if we find that we share it with other life forms? A. True (T) or False (F). 1. Helper has found five new Earth-like planets. 2. These planets are not in our solar system. 3. A very small planet will have too much air. B. Choose the best answer. 4. What is the Helper space telescope looking for? A. planets in our solar system B. life on other planets C. new galaxies D. objects in space 5. A planet can support life if it has . A. carbon and oxygen B. gas and water C. heat and gravity D. water and air 6. How long will the Helper team need to find an Earth-like planet? A. three years B. about three years C. more than three years D. less than three years VI. Read the text and choose the correct answer. Do you want to plan for some kind of exciting trip? Do you have a million dollars? Are you very healthy? Are you a good traveler? Do you want to go nowhere? Then you can have a trip to space. If you decide to take the trip, you will have to get ready a few months before the flight. You must be in excellent physical condition. You should run a lot, swim every day, do aerobics and push-ups. You must get a letter from the doctor that shows you are in perfect health.
10. Once you get on the trip, you will be in different world. You will see pictures of the Earth. You may also find your country and other interesting places. You will be able to see the oceans, the big rivers, the tall mountains. You will be able to see them many times because you will orbit the Earth 16 times a day! You will also be able to see stars that you couldn’t see from the Earth. When you are in orbit, you will be able to get out of your seat and walk in the cabin. You will be able to walk on the walls or on the ceiling like a circus. You will not weigh anything! You will feel totally free and enjoy the wonderful feeling you have never had before. If you were on board now, you would experience those marvelous things. So do you think you will be able to take a space trip? Start to dream now and your dream may come true someday. 1. What will you be able to see when you get on the trip? A. the oceans, the big rivers, and the tall mountains. B. the gardens, the streams, and the tall mountains. C. the big lakes, the big rivers, and the huge waterfalls. D. the oceans, the gardens, and the huge waterfalls. 2. How long will you have to get ready before the flight? A. a few days. B. a few months. C. a few years. D. one month. 3. When you are in orbit, you won’t be able to. A. walk on the ceiling B. walk on the wall. C. stand up and walk in the cabin D. sit down and walk in the cabin 4. How many times per day will you orbit the Earth? A. 16 times B. 15 times C. 14 times D. 35 times VII. Change the following sentences into indirect speech or vice versa. 1. Candy asked me if I had ever read an astronomy book. ___ 2. ‘I’ll let you know if I have any more problems,” Carol told her father. ___ 3. The professor told us that the Moon was more than 380,000 km from the Earth. ___ 4. “When did the Kepler mission end?” Mark wanted to know. ___ 5. Daniel asked me if I was going to see lunar eclipse the following day. ___ 6. The customers said that they had been waiting for more than two hours. ___ 7. “Can you help me with this tricky math question?” Tim asked his sister. ___ 8. “NASA is sending a helicopter to Mars next year NASA’s administrator said. ___ 9. They wondered where on Mars humans might first land. ___ 10. Gwen asked if the spaceship Voyager had flown past Pluto three weeks before. ___