Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng anh Lớp 8 - Unit 11: Science and Technology

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng anh Lớp 8 - Unit 11: Science and Technology

1. UNIT 11: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A. VOCABULARY: 1. archaeology (n) /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/ khảo cổ học 2. become a reality (v) /bɪˈkʌm ə riˈổliti/ trở thành hiện thực 3. benefit (n, v) /ˈbenɪfɪt/ lợi ớch, hưởng lợi 4. cure (v) /kjʊə/ chữa khỏi 5. discover (v) /dɪˈskʌvə/ phỏt hiện ra 6. enormous (adj) /ɪˈnɔːməs/ to lớn 7. explore (v) /ɪkˈsplɔː/ khỏm phỏ, nghiờn cứu 8. field (n) /fiːld/ lĩnh vực 9. improve (v) /ɪmˈpruːv/ nõng cao, cải thiện 10. invent (v) /ɪnˈvent/ phỏt minh ra 11. light bulb (n) /laɪt bʌlb/ búng đốn 12. spaceship (n) /ˈspeɪsʃɪp/ tàu khụng gian 13. patent (n, v) /ˈpổtnt/ sỏng chế 14. precise (adj) /prɪˈsaɪs/ chớnh xỏc 15. quality (n) /ˈkwɒləti/ chất lượng 16. role (n) /rəʊl/ vai trũ 17. science (n) /ˈsaɪəns/ khoa học 18. scientific (adj) /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ thuộc khoa học 19. solve (v) /sɒlv/ giải quyết 20. steam engine (n) /stiːm ˈendʒɪn/ đầu mỏy hơi nước 21. support (n, v) /səˈpɔːt/ ủng hộ 22. technique (n) /tekˈniːk/ thủ thuật, kĩ thuật 23. technical (adj) /ˈteknɪkl/ 24. technology (n) /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ kĩ thuật, cụng nghệ 25. technological (adj) /ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ thuộc cụng nghệ 26. transform (v) /trổnsˈfɔːm/ thay đổi, biến đổi 27. underground (adj, adv) /ʌndəˈɡraʊnd/ dưới lũng đất, ngầm 28. unrealistic (adj) /ˌʌnrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ phi thực tế 29. conservationist (n) /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃənɪst/ nhà bảo vệ mụi trường 30. impure (adj) /ɪmˈpjʊə(r)/ khụng tinh khiết 31. impatient (adj) /ɪmˈpeɪʃnt/ khụng kiờn nhẫn 32. unforeseen (adj) /ˌʌnfɔːˈsiːn/ khụng ngờ trước 33. deaf-mute (adj) /ˌdef ˈmjuːt/ vừa cõm vừa điếc 34. by chance (phr) /baɪ - tʃɑːns/ tỡnh cờ 35. incurable (adj) /ɪnˈkjʊərəbl/ khụng thể chữa trị
2. 36. lifestyle (n) /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/ phong cỏch sống 37. anti-aging (adj) /ˈổnti/-/ˈeɪʤɪŋ/ chống lóo húa 38. energy saving (adj) /ˈɛnəʤi/ /ˈseɪvɪŋ/ tiết kiệm năng lượng 39. take advantage of (phr) /teɪk/ /ədˈvɑːntɪʤ/ /ɒv/ tận dụng 40. nutrition pills (n.phr) /nju(ː)ˈtrɪʃən/ /pɪlz/ thuốc dinh dưỡng 41. gene (n) /dʒiːn/ gen 42. solar panel (n) /ˈsəʊlə ˈpổnl/ pin năng lượng mặt trời 43. yield (n) /jiːld/ năng suất 44. star-shaped (adj) /stɑː/-/ʃeɪpt/ hỡnh sao B. GRAMMAR: 1. Reported Speech Statements (Tường thuật cõu núi) Cỏch chuyển từ cõu trực tiếp sang cõu giỏn tiếp Thay đổi về thỡ Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn Present Simple Past Simple this/ these that/ those Present progressive Past progressive here there Present Perfect Past Perfect now then Past Simple Past perfect today/ tonight that day/ that night will would tomorrow the next day/ the following day must had to next the next / the following can could yesterday the day before, the previous day near future near future in the past last (week, month ) the week/ month before am/is/are going to was/were going to the previous week/ month may might ago before Thay đổi đại từ chỉ ngụi: phụ thuộc vào chủ ngữ và tõn ngữ của mệnh đề chớnh. (I/ We -> người núi, You -> người nghe) I > he / she We > They he / she / they > he / she / they * Statement: S + said (to + O) / told + O: “S’ + V + ” S + said (to + O) + (that) + S’ đổi + V lựi thỡ + -> S + told + O + (that) + S’ đổi + V lựi thỡ + Ex: She said, "My mum doesn't have time for films." -> She said that her mum didn't have time for films. * Yes / No - question: - S + asked + O: “Trợ từ để hỏi (Do, Does, Did) + S’ + V + ?” -> S + asked + O + if / whether + S’ đổi + V lựi thỡ + - S + asked + O: “Will/ Shall; Can; May; + S’ + V-inf + ?” -> S + asked + O + if / whether + S’ đổi + would/ should; could; might; + V-inf + * Wh - question:
3. - S + asked + O: “Question word + trợ từ để hỏi (do, does, did) + S’ +V + ?” -> S + asked + O + Question word + S’ đổi + V lựi thỡ + - S + asked + O: “Question word + will/ shall; can; may; + S’ + V-inf + ?” -> S + asked + O + Question word + S’ đổi + would/ should; could; might; + V-inf + 2. May and might: - Chỉ mức độ của khả năng của một sự việc, nhưng may cú tớnh chắc chắn hơn might một chỳt. Vớ dụ: - I may go to Saigon tomorrow. - She is a very busy, but I hope she might join us tomorrow - Dựng may và might để xin phộp, nhưng might thỡ nhỳn nhường và lịch sự hơn may. Vớ dụ: - May I open the door? - I wonder if I might have a little more wine? C. EXERCISES: I. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. 1. A. invent B. chemist C. patent D. technology 2. A. science B. scared C. Scottish D. screen 3. A. explore B. exchange C. experiment D. existence 4. A. inventors B. benefits C. panels D. homes 5. A. nuclear B. future C. bulb D. mute II. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is placed differently. 1. A. automation B. development C. experiment D. technology 2. A. impolite B. scientific C. technology D. economic 3. A. spaceship B. benefit C. technical D. reality 4. A. technique B. incurable C. programmer D. explorer 5. A. unemployment B. laboratory C. engineer D. conservationist III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence. 1. Science and technology are the keys ___ economic and social development. A. for B. to C. in D. of 2. It is predicted that 10 million self-driving cars will be on the road ___ 2020. A. until B. from C. since D. by 3. John J. Stone-Parker came ___ the idea of creating a star-shaped device when he was 4 years old. A. up with B. down on C. across with D. away from 4. If you don’t ___your invention, other people may well take advantage of it. A. discover B. explore C. patent D. develop 5. Vivian said that she ___ Jim at the supermarket the previous day. A. was meeting B. had met C. would meet D. was going to meet 6. ___ create the applications or systems that run on a computer. A. Computer manufacturers B. Software developers C. Archeologists D. Conservationists 7. When I called them yesterday, they told me that they were going to the movies ___. A. now B. tonight C. that night D. the next day
4. 8. Technological advancements have turned AI and robotics from science fiction to ___. A. reality B. benefit C. quality D. discovery 9. We’ll have flying cars in the future, ___ we can travel much faster and further. A. although B. since C. in order that D. so that 10. “Modern technology saves us lots of time.” - “___” A. I think it’s all right! B. OK. That’s all. C. I can’t agree with you more! D. Not completely all. 11. Facebook was built on the ___ of earlier social network sites like MySpace and Bebo. A. succeed B. successful C. successfully D. success 12. It is thought that driverless cars will transform the way we move ___ cities in the future. A. around B. away C. along D. ahead 13. Little Pascal ___ a mechanical calculator which could do additions or subtractions very quickly A. discovered B. found C. found out D. invented 14. Robots save workers from ___ dangerous tasks. A. making B. having C. performing D. carrying 15. Many people believe that robots have made workers jobless, ___ that is not necessarily true A. but B. and C. so D. or 16. Recent___ developments have made robots more user-friendly, and intelligent. A. science B. scientist C. scientific D. scientifically 17. Teenagers spend most of their time playing computer game; ___, they lose their interests in daily activities. A. moreover B. so C. however D. as a result 18. Science and technology have ___ the life safe, secure and comfortable. A. transformed B. made C. done D. changed 19. Terrorists are using modern technology ___ their destructive work. A. about B. at C. for D. with 20. With the advance of the science and technology, our life changes greatly in various ___. A. scenes B. fields C. sights D. regions IV. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition. 1. Science and technology are changing our lives___ every field. 2. Some chemicals have damaging effect___ the environment. 3. Is technology the key___ success in the 21st century? 4. Science and technology bring a lot of benefits___ people. 5. Engineers need to be good___ Maths and Sciences. 6. Thomas Edison was responsible___ more than one thousand inventions. 7. It’s almost impossible to keep up___ the latest developments in computing. 8. Will humans live___ Mars someday? 9. Global communication was transformed by the invention___ the Internet. 10. Thomas Edison was born___ 1847___ Ohio, USA. V. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets. 1. Information technology___ (change) over the past years due to user expectations. 2. ___ (you/ still plant) the trees if I join you at 3.30 this evening? 3. If we___ (have) flying vehicles now, we could solve the problem of traffic jams.
5. 4. John J. Stone-Parker___ (patent) his invention when he was 4 years old. 5. The computer mouse___ (invent) by Douglas Engelbart in 1964. 6. They said that they___ (not be) to the art gallery for a long time. 7. I strongly believe there ___ (be) huge changes in the way we live in 10 years’ time. 8. The planet Mars___ (explore) remotely by spacecraft since the late 20th century. 9. The teacher told us that we___ (may) choose any subject that we ___ (like) best. 10. When I called Jane at 4 o’clock yesterday evening, she said she___ (work) then. 11. My brother is very creative. He is fond of___ (write) poems and stories. 12. He planned___ (turn out) minor inventions every ten days. VI. Rewrite these statements as reported speech. Make all necessary changes. 1. The scientist: “Cloning will become more popular in the next century.” -> The scientist said that ___. 2. Dr. Nelson: “Every home will have at least one robot to perform any boring task." -> Dr.Nelson said that ___. 3. Our teacher: “Parents do not allow children to play computer games for a long period of time.” -> Our teacher told us that ___. 4. The doctor: “Nutrition pills can cause serious side effects.” -> The doctor told his patient that ___. 5. The physicist: “Nuclear power plants don't require a lot of space.” -> The physicist said that ___. 6. The politician: “Wrong decisions in Chernobyl caused a big nuclear explosion.” -> The politician told the audience that ___. 7. “I didn’t attend the meeting two days ago,” said Matt. -> ___ 8. “I can’t chat because I am working now,” said John. -> ___ 9. “My brother wrote this book last year,” David said to me. -> ___ 10. Jane said to us, ‘I’m having dinner with Rachel tomorrow.” -> ___ 11. “We’ve worked very hard today and it has paid off,” the students said. -> ___ 12. “I’ll see you here next Friday,” Tom said to me. -> ___ 13. “We’ll be writing to you later this week,” they said to Maria. -> ___ 14. “I don’t know where Bill is living at the moment,” said Nicky. -> ___ 15. “My parents left for London at 5p.m yesterday,” Susan said. -> ___ 16. “I may see you next week before I leave,” Nick said to Sarah. -> ___ 17. “James Watt invented the steam engine in 1769.” -> Ms. Elena told us that___
6. 18. ‘I’m reading a science book.” -> She told me___ 19. “The 8.30 flight to Da Nang will be delayed for 2 hours.” -> They announced that ___ 20. “We have applied a new production chain.” -> The CEO of Volkswagen said that___ 21. “The invention of light bulb is very important.” -> My teacher said that___ 22. “My engineers can assemble 5 car engines a week.” -> The director said that___ 23. “I hope you will build the airport with lowest cost.” -> The Prime Minister told foreign investors that___ 24. “We plan to make the city a safer place for everyone.” -> The local MP said that___ 25. “My family lived in Boston for five years.” -> Carol said that___ 26. “We may cut down on fossil fuels.” -> They said that___ VII. Underline the best option. 1. She said she was seeing her brother the following day / the previous day. 2. Mike said he had had / would have an accident the day before. 3. She said she didn’t see / hadn’t seen them since the previous week. 4. I met Tom two days ago and he said he was going to London tomorrow / the next day. 5. Erica told me she won’t / wouldn’t be back until the following Thursday. 6. John said he had worked for that company the year before / the year after. 7. Sam told the police he didn’t know / hadn’t known what had happened. 8. Harry told us he is / was catching the first bus to New York the next day. 9. My mother told me that if I ate / had eaten too much, I would feel ill. 10. When I rang her this morning, she told me that she was busy today / that day. VIII. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets. 1.___ is one of the compulsory subjects in high school. (chemist) 2. The moon landing launched a new era in space___. (explore) 3. New___ discoveries are made every day. (science) 4. Technology is making our kids___. Children have become less likely to play outside. (active) 5. Everyday life is constantly improving thanks to the ideas of famous ___ past and present. (invent) 6. Science and Technology have enormous effects on economic___. (develop) 7. I don’t like this movie. Its dialogue sounds so___. (nature) 8. Using computers has a ___ effect on children’s learning. (benefit) 9. Wildlife___ are trying to save the whale from extinction. (conserve) 10. ___ progress has been so rapid over the last few years. (technology) IX. Complete the dialogue with the appropriate sentences (A - G). A. The technology they use in phones these days is amazing.
7. B. So, that's a negative too. C. Wow, Nick is that a new phone? D. Technologies always have both positive and negative aspects. E. I totally agree. F. Has it got the new high-tech camera? G. Yep, that's a positive. Mike: (1)___ Nick: Yep, brand new, state-of-the-art! Mike: (2)___ Nick: Yeah, the software they use is really advanced. You can take portraits that look just like they’re from a much bigger camera. Mike: I’ve seen them. (3)___ Nick: But of course, the impact of technology isn’t always positive. Take something as simple as a car. That’s a type of technology that’s made life easier. Mike: (4)___ Nick: But on the negative side, cars cause air pollution. Mike: Yeah, and if you drive too much instead of walking, you might not get as much exercise. (5)___ Nick: So are mobile phones. Mobile phones help us to communicate with each other and access information but too much screen time can be harmful, especially to children. Mike: (6)___People nowadays are spending too much time looking at a phone, a computer or a tablet. Nick: Social media helps you keep in touch with your friends but it can also spread fake news and encourage bullying. Mike: You’re right. (7)___ X. Complete the passage with the words from the box. while through vision network communicate invented accessible much The Internet is a huge (1) ___ of computers all connected together, but it was the world wide web that made the technology into something that linked information together and made it (2) ___ to everyone. The world wide web was (3) ___ by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 – originally he was trying to find a new way for scientists to easily share the data from their experiments. Berners- Lee created the world wide web (4) ___ he was working at CERN, Switzerland. His (5) ___ soon went beyond a network for scientists to share information, in that he wanted it to be a universal and free ‘information space’ to share knowledge, to (6) ___, and to collaborate. The world wide web opened up the Internet to everyone, not just scientists. It connected the world in a way that made it (7) ___ easier for people to get information, share, and communicate. It has since allowed people to share their work and thoughts (8) ___ social networking sites, blogs, video sharing, and more. XI. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks. SMARTPHONE REVOLUTION It was just over a decade ago when cell phones were primarily used for calling and sending texts. Today, the uses of cell phones run the gamut. Phones do everything from taking high- resolution pictures to watching pixel-perfect videos, browsing the Internet to playing graphic- intensive games to monitoring your movements in addition to fulfilling basic communication needs.
8. The advent of smartphones has greatly simplified our lives. People now connect with their loved ones more frequently and easily through video calls and instant messaging services. Tasks, like creating slides, reading emails, and creating documents don’t require a PC anymore. Briefly, smartphone and apps have changed the way we work, communicate and play. While the smartphone revolution has made our lives easy, it has also made us lazy. Today, the whole world is at our fingertips, and thus we don’t have to work or move around like we did previously to get things done. Our inactive lifestyle and lack of physical activities can be partly attributed to the over-dependence on smartphones. This is especially true for the younger generation, who are constantly glued to their cell phones. Cell phone addiction is having a negative impact on our lives. Care needs to be taken to deal with this issue in an effective way. A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1. In the past, mobile phones were used only for communication among people. 2. Modern cell phones are capable of much more than just making phone calls. 3. Smartphones make communications with people quite easier. 4. Smartphone users, however, can’t send and recieve emails on their phones. 5. Despite all the positive benefits of smartphones, there are also negative side effects. 6. Today we don’t have to go to work because we have the whole world at our fingertips. 7. Only young people are now addicted to their mobile phones. B. Answer the questions. 1. What were cell phones mainly used for? ___ 2. Are modern cell phones capable of internet access? ___ 3. How has the smartphone revolution changed our lives? ___ 4. Do smartphones make us lazy and inactive? ___ 5. How often do teenagers look at their cell phones? ___ 6. Is smartphone overuse good or bad for us? ___ XII. Read the text, and complete the gaps (1-6) with the sentences (A-G). There is one sentence that you do not need. A. In I975, he taught architecture, but he continued to invent puzzles. B. He did a number of different jobs and then became a journalist in the 1930s. C. He was born in Budapest in 1944. D. However, it didn't work because the ink was very thick. E. In the 1970s, he worked as an architect and in his spare time he invented a mechanical puzzle. F. It quickly became popular all over the world. G. If wasn't the only thing he invented. TWO GREAT INVENTORS Lỏszlú Birú was born in Budapest in 1899. After he left school, he studied medicine at university, but he didn't finish his studies. (1) ___. He noticed that newspaper ink dried very quickly on the paper, and put the ink into his fountain pen. (2) ___. He and his brother Gyừrgy then invented a new type of pen with a small ball at the end. The new pen worked with the thick ink. (3) ___. In 1939, Birú moved to Paris and then to Argentina. Birú invented many
9. other things but the most important was the ball-point pen, or “biro”. Lỏszlú Birú died in Buenos Aires in 1985. Emử Rubik’s father was an engineer and his mother was a poet. (4) ___. After leaving school, he studied architecture and design at the Technical University. (5) ___. Rubik called it the “Magic Cube”. It soon became popular in Hungary and the rest of Europe. (6) ___. In the early 1980s, the cube became popular in the USA too, and got a new name: “Rubik’s Cube”. It is the world's best-selling toy - some people say there are 300 million cubes in the world. Rubik became very rich and went on to invent many more games and puzzles. XIII. Read the article and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS If you've ever said, “I wish I knew where I was going” or “If only there were some ways to find this address,” then it may be time to consider buying yourself a Global Positioning Systems, or GPS. Let's look at some of the uses of GPS device. Maybe you travel a lot by car and cannot look at a paper map to find your way around. There is a GPS for cars that speaks to you and tells you exactly how to get to your destination. Maybe you're a golfer who has lost his golf ball and you need to find it on the field. There's a GPS for this. You're runner and want to track your speed, distance, and the courses you run. Well, there’s a GPS for this, too. What kinds of GPS devices are there? Well, GPS devices come in all kinds of shapes and sizes, and are available in a variety of prices. Some are small and can fit into a pocket, and others are waterproof. And for people who don’t like to carry anything extra with them, GPS systems are also available on smart phones. 1. GPS is used to find out where you are going. 2. GPS cannot replace a paper map. 3. GPS can tell you how to get to a place while you are driving. 4. A GPS device can look for a small moving item. 5. A GPS device can track your speed, distance but not the directions you run. 6. GPS devices can be in all kinds of shapes and sizes. 7. You cannot use a GPS device in water. 8. There are also GPS devices for smart phones. XIV. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one. 1. Because of the bad weather, the plane couldn’t touch down. (IMPOSSIPLE) -> Bad weather made it___ 2. My brother likes Science fiction books very much. (FOND) -> My brother___ 3. ‘I’ve already see the New-Tech Exhibition.” (SAID) -> Peter___ 4. “The plane will be leaving in thirty-five minutes.” (ANNOUNCED) -> They___ 5. A robot will easily handled all household chores in the near future. (BE) -> All household chores___ 6. Thomas Edison established his first laboratory facility in 1876. (UP) -> Thomas Edison___ 7. “What about going to the Science and Technology Fair?” Mark said to me. (SHOULD) -> Mark___ 8. Don’t waste time persuading him to go with us. (WORTH) -> It’s___
10. 9. Why has no one thought of a way to make aircraft quieter? (COME) -> Why___ 10. We arrived at the cinema, but the film had finished. (TIME) -> By___ XV. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one. 1. “There were no cell phones a long time ago!” -> My grandmother said___ 2. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. -> The telephone___ 3. Tablets aren’t as convenient as smartphones. -> Smartphones are much___ 4. “I can’t come in today, because I’m sick.” -> Two days ago, Tom phoned me and said___ 5. How long have you been working on this project? -> When___ 6. In spite of the freezing weather, we had a great holiday in Canada. -> Even though ___ 7. We found the exhibits shown in the Future World Exhibition very amazing. -> We were___ 8. Maya told Sara that she had just talked to a robot in the exhibition. -> Maya said to Sara, “___” 9. It’s a shame I’m not able to come to your party on Saturday. -> I wish___ 10. Paula can’t wait to hear the band’s new album. -> Paula is really looking___